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Respiratory
Peds Exam 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| factors that lead to respiratory tract infections in infant and young child | child’s respiratory tract anatomically different than adult Smaller diameter leads to increased narrowing from edema and increased secretion production (6mo-3yr) react more severely to acute respiratory infections than older children |
| nursing care for respiratory tract infections | Ease respiratory efforts with moisturized air or steam Encourage drinking fluids and resting Nasal sprays, vapor rubs, and throat gargling Emphasize hand washing and using tissue or elbow to cover mouth with coughing or sneezing |
| tonsillitis | inflammation of palatine tonsils Common cause of viral or bacterial illness in children Enlargement causes obstruction to passage of air or food |
| tonsillectomy post-op care | Sit child upright to facilitate drainage of secretions Avoid suctioning unless necessary, and be extremely cautious Assess for frequent swallowing or clearing of throat, especially while sleeping, as throat bleeding could be indicated |
| otitis media | presence of fluid in middle ear with signs of illness and inflammation of middle ear One of most prevalent illnesses in early childhood Primary result of dysfunctioning eustachian tube |
| nursing care for otitis media | Antibiotics and supportive care Tympanoplasty tube placement be be indicated for recurrent illness Hearing tests to manage potential impairment Routine pneumococcal vaccinations Cleaning ear if drainage is present |
| epiglottis | serious obstructive inflammation of epiglottis Requires immediate medical attention Occurs in children 2-5 years old Abrupt onset with rapid progression into severe respiratory distress |
| nursing care epiglottis | Intubation may be necessary IV and oral antibiotics Act quickly but calmly Droplet isolation for at least 24 hours Continuous monitoring of respiratory status |
| croup | hoarseness and “barking” cough Varying degrees of inspiratory stridor and respiratory distress from swelling or obstruction Primarily affects children 6mo-3 years old Can affect larynx, trachea, and bronchi |
| whooping cough (pertussis) | acute respiratory infection caused by B. pertussis Primarily affects children younger than 4 years who were not immunized Highly contagious and life-threatening for young infants |
| nursing care whooping cough | Most cases easy to manage at home Adequate hydration Antibiotics and antipyretics Hospital admission if presenting severe respiratory symptoms or apnea Droplet precautions |
| Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) | infection that affects epithelial cells of respiratory tract Transmitted through direct or close contact with contaminated respiratory secretions Most common cause of bronchiolitis |
| bronchiolitis | acute viral infection with maximum effect at bronchial level Typically occurs in winter and early spring Begins with upper respiratory symptoms |
| Synagis | only medication available in US to prevent RSV Indicated for preterm infants and infants with heart conditions |
| nursing care for RSV | Hospitalization recommended for respiratory distress, lethargy, poor feeding, dehydration, apnea, or hypoxemia Educate parents that breastfeeding reduces risk of having RSV since it serves as protection against infections |
| nursing care for RSV continued | heated high flow nasal cannula, regular suctioning IV fluids due to tachypnea and fatigue, NG fluids |
| asthma | chronic inflammatory disorder of airways characterized by recurring symptoms Associated with airflow limitation or obstruction that is reversible spontaneously or with treatment Manifestations: dyspnea, wheezing, chest tightness, coughing |
| intermittent asthma | Symptoms less than 2 days per week None or very few nighttime symptoms No interference with normal activity Use of inhaler less than 2 days per week |
| mild persistent asthma | Symptoms more than 2 times per week but about 1 time per day Nighttime symptoms 1-2 times per month (0-4 years) or 3-4 times per month (5-11 years) Minor interference with normal activity Use of inhaler more than 2 days per week but not daily |
| moderate persistent asthma | Daily symptoms Nighttime symptoms 3-4 times per month Some interference with normal activity Daily use of inhaler |
| severe persistent asthma | Continual symptoms throughout day Frequent nighttime symptoms Extreme interference with normal activity Use of inhaler several times per day |
| nursing care of asthma | Continual observation and assessment Manage side effects or toxicity if given beta-2 agonists, corticosteroids, and supplemental oxygen Continuous cardiorespiratory and pulse oximetry management Avoid allergens |
| care plan of child with allergies | Prevention and reduction Common Allergens: dust mites, cockroaches, dog and cat dander, mice, tobacco smoke, mold, lead, pesticides Tobacco smoke exposure is significant contributing factor in development and triggering of asthma |
| Cystic Fibrosis | condition characterized by exocrine gland dysfunction that produces multi-system involvement Inherit autosomal recessive defective gene from both parents Diabetes Mellitus greater in children with CF |
| patho of CF | CFTR gene (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) Increased viscosity of mucous gland secretions, elevation of sweat electrolytes, increase in organic and enzymatic components of saliva, and abnormalities of autonomic nervous system |
| pulmonary system effects of CF | Present in almost all children, but onset and extent are variable Mucus blocks airways Wheezing and dry, nonproductive cough Dyspnea Obstruction Barrel-shaped chest cyanosis |
| GI system effects of CF | Mucus blocks pancreatic and bile ducts Large, bulky, loose, frothy, foul-smelling stools Unquenchable appetite (early); loss of appetite (later) Weight loss Growth failure Distended abdomen |
| nutritional needs in those with CF | Loss of appetite and weight loss may require dietician Prescribed enzyme therapy and nutritional supplements Enteral feedings may be considered |
| testing and diagnostics with CF | Once based on positive sweat chloride test Testing now done during newborn screening CFTR gene during lab testing can confirm diagnosis |
| nursing care for CF | Position child to allow maximum lung expansion Monitor cardiac and respiratory status Manage child’s anxiety |
Created by:
ellabrewer3
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