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cell structure

chapter 1

TermDefinition
endosymbiosis theory
plasma membrane semi-permeable barrier of the cell
sodium-potassium pump established resting membrane potential, maintains fluid volume, ATP required
mitochondria produces energy for the cell- converts nutrients to ATP
34 net yield of ATP for aerobic metabolism
2 net yield of ATP for anaerobic metabolism
lysosomes contain digestive enzymes
autolysis lysosomes release enzymes to destroy cell--> cell death
heterolysis lysosomes digest foreign material
proeasomes degrade proteins and polypeptide chains
peroxisomes break down free radicals and long chain fatty acids
adrenoleukodystrophy dysfunctional peroxisomes, long chain fatty acids accumulate in nervous system
endoplasmic reticulum acts as a transport system
smooth ER transports lipids
rough ER transports proteins
ribosomes protein "factories"
golgi apparatus processes, packages, and secretes proteins
secretory vesicles contain substances to be secreted by the cell
microtubules hollow filaments, help with cell division, intracellular transport
microfilaments solid, flexible fibers that help with cell movement, found in muscle cells
nucleus contains genetic material- DNA
transcription turns DNA into messenger RNA
translation mRNA converted to amino acid sequence and becomes tRNA
Created by: swebber4
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