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SOCI 305 midterm rev
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is structural functionalism? | This theory holds that social institutions like families, schools, and the economy perform specific functions in society and are necessary for its stability. According to structural functionalism, families provide emotional support, schools socialize edu |
| What is the definition of family? | a family is a historically and culturally embedded microsocial group that reciprocally links and reflects other macro-level institutions of society. |
| What is the definition of social demography? | examining how culture and society shape populations. Marriage, childbearing, population age structure, life expectancy, and more are influenced by social and cultural factors. Societal demography studies demographic change's social repercussions. |
| What is the definition of a census family? | It is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children), or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling; |
| What is the definition of an economic family? | a cooperative unit that provides goods and services. It is a group of two or more people who live together and are related by blood, marriage, common-law partnership, or adoption who pool their money to support each other. |
| What is the definition of a fictive kin? | refers to individuals who are not biologically related but are treated as family members, often due to close emotional bonds. |
| What is the definition of a situational kin? | refers to people who temporarily become family owing to a deployment, natural calamity, or shared living. The situation defines the relationship, which may alter. |
| What is the Vanier institute definition of family? | families come in all shapes and sizes, and can be made up of two parents, one parent, grandparents, foster parents, or any other combination of people who consider themselves to be a family. |
| What is the family decline hypothesis, and what do they argue? | suggests the decline of the nuclear family, a married couple with children. This theory holds that economic, social, and cultural changes have weakened the traditional family. |
| What do critics of the family decline hypothesis argue? | it is based on an outdated definition of family and ignores modern family diversity. While traditional families are declining, single-parent, blended, and same-sex parent families are growing. |
| What is the definition of intersectionality, and its argument? | Social dimensions shape people's lives: race/ethnicity, Indigeneity, gender, class, sexuality, geography, age, disability/ability, migration status, religion. Interactions occur in power structures and shape institutional practices. Gender cannot explain |
| What is the theory of symbolic interactionism? | Family interactions are based on reciprocal actions, negotiations, and responses. Symbols, gestures, and words communicate. Social interactions shape a person's self-concept and interpretations. A child develops self-esteem and competence through primary |
| What is the theory of Marxism in the family? | Families were seen as places to reproduce labor for capitalists. Domestic labor, which is mostly done at home, did not fit into Marxian surplus (or unpaid labor) value. Women's "natural" job was housework. |
| What is the social exchange theory? | costs and benefits family life and decision-making. Self-interest drives humans to maximize rewards and profits in relationships while minimizing costs and punishments. Humans are rational beings who weigh costs and benefits, but rules and values vary by |
| What is the post-modern theory of family? | The family is a social construct that changes and can be interpreted. Post-modern theorists argue that families are cultural, historical, and political as well as biological and economic. They claim that family is shaped by culture and history. |
| What is the family development theory? | As they go through the family lifecycle, family members develop. A married couple with no children; the child-bearing family; the family with preschoolers; the family with school-aged children; the family with adolescents; the family as "launching pad" (e |
| What are the our key assumptions about the life course theory? | 1. lives are embedded in by historical context 2. individuals consutrct their own lives through choices, yet within the confines of historical/social circumstance 3. lives are intertwined through social relationships 4. the meaning and impact of life t |
| What does empirical research mean to knowing the family? | collection and analysis of data from surveys, interviews, and other forms of research to gain a systematic understanding of family life. Empirical research helps to provide a descriptive and quantitative understanding of family relationships and dynamics. |
| What does interpretive method of knowing the family? | focuses on understanding family life through the subjective experiences of family members and seeks to capture the meaning and context of these experiences. Interpretive methods include qualitative research techniques such as interviews, observation, and |
| What is the theoretical way of knowing the family? | to provide different ways of understanding and interpreting family relationships and dynamics. Theoretical perspectives help to provide a broader context for understanding family life and the ways in which it is shaped by larger social, cultural, and his |
| What is a deductive approach to family research? | based on data patterns and relationships. In this approach, researchers observe, interview, or otherwise gather data to form a theory or hypothesis about family relationships and dynamics. Qualitative research focuses on family members' subjective experie |
| What is the inductive approach? | based on data patterns and relationships. In this approach, researchers observe, interview, or otherwise gather data to form a theory or hypothesis about family relationships and dynamics. Qualitative research focuses on family members' subjective experie |
| What is the definition of monogamy? | monogamy is the preferred form of marriage, in which there are only two spouses. |
| What is the definition of polygamy? | the practice of having more than one husband or wife. |
| What is the definition of polyandry? | the practice of having two or more husbands. |
| How does timing of marriage vary throughout the world? | argues that child marriage undermines global development efforts to educate, heal, and stabilize populations. Girls from low-income families are twice as likely to marry before 18. Women under 15 are five times more likely to die in childbirth than women |
| What are different patterns of authority? | Patriarchy is found in educational, religious, legal, and economic institutions. Religious institutions may attribute male dominance to God, and the educational system may deny girls formal education. Matriarchy, where women rule society, is a less domina |
| What is a bilateral pattern of descent? | where both male and female family members are ancestors. In Canada, our parents' parents are our grandparents. However, patrilineal lineage is common in many cultures. Your mother's family would have few connections. |
| What is the residential pattern of family? | living apart from both parents—is typical for husband and wife. In many countries, patrilocal residence requires the son and his wife to live with the husband's father. Matrilocal patterns require newlyweds to live with the wife's family. |
| What is the extended family pattern? | Multigenerational households—three or more generations living together—are becoming more common. For cultural, economic, or practical reasons, extended families in countries like India still practice this. Finally, in many industrialized countries, young |
| What is the concept of a hegemonic social group? | What refers to a group that holds the dominant power, influence, and cultural authority within a society. This group is able to set the norms and values that are considered acceptable and desirable, and their dominance is maintained through various forms |
| What is the concept of trans-nationalism? | microsocial dynamics of human actors crossing economic, cultural, and state boundaries. 3% of the global population is transnational. Global care chains while parents are away are relatively new. |
| What is the global issue of migration? | It helps people escape poverty and build a better life. Many poor migrant workers are indebted to labour recruiters and separated from their families. Women and children worldwide have been forced into human trafficking and the sex industry, where they ma |
| What is the global issue of poverty? | Long-term socioeconomic effects are especially harmful to women. Indeed, recent global economic crises may reverse decades of progress in women's workplace equality. Reduced employment and income for poor families perpetuates gender inequalities. Women an |
| What is the global issue of hunger? | 98% of the word’s hungry live in developing countries. Moreover, 75% of the world’s poorest families don’t buy their food; they grow it, but many of these families depend upon their land and livestock for both food and income, leaving them |
| What is the global issue of HIV/AIDS? | 37.9 million people worldwide currently living with HIV, and 770,000 million deaths due to AIDS in 2018. there are still a staggering number of new cases each year (e.g., 1.7 million cases were reported in 2018). |
| What is the global issue of climate change? | another set of interconnected global issues includes world population growth, resource sustainability.7.7 billion people lived on Earth in 2019, and 8.5 billion by 2030 and 9.7 billion by 2050. Some scientists worry that the world's food, water, and land |
| What are the Characteristics of Hunting and Gathering Families? | § 99% of human history involved hunting and gathering § Groups comprised of one to five families § Developed shared economies and leadership based on residence, gender, age, and ability |
| What are European ideals? | patriarchy, unequal spousal relationships, premarital chastity, marital fidelity, male courtship, male dominance |
| What is Jordans principle? | child first’ principle, a legal requirement established by the CAN Human Rights Tribunal to eliminate service inequities and delays, including assessments. s a Fiirst Nations child who spent his entire early life in a hospital because the federaland provi |
| What is the truth and reconciliation commission? | a national commission created to examine the history and ongoing impact of the Indian residential school system in Canada. |
| What is the definition of ethnic mosaic? | denotes a rich tapestry of ethnically diverse families whose distinctive cultures give color and texture to the whole. |
| What is the definition of ethnicity? | refers to the cultural, organizational, and collective values, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors of individuals who share or identify with a distinct culture or are descendants of those who have shared a distinct culture. |
| What is the definition of race? | a fluid, socially constructed concept that differentiates (racializes) people based on assumed biological/genetic characteristics. |
| What is the definition of racialization? | refers to a set of social processes and practices through which social relations among people based on biological traits are structured by dominant groups. |
| What is the definition of racism? | the practice of assuming that racial or ethnic categories are natural, social, or genetic groups associated with social or biological traits that are seen as either inferior or superior. |
| What is the definition of a refugee? | individuals with a well-grounded fear of persecution or danger due to specified conditions related to ethnicity, race, religion, gender, and political affiliation. |
| What is the definition of a visible minority population? | refers to those Canadians who are not white, Caucasian, or Aboriginal in their descent and includes: Blacks, South Asians, Chinese, Koreans, Japanese, Southeast Asians, Filipinos, Arabs and West Asians, Latin Americans, and Pacific Islanders |
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