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Chap. 9 Geo Reading
Chapter 9 Geography Reading - Orange book
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| active solar energy systems | solar energy systems that collects energy through the use of mechanical devices such as photovoltaic cells or flat-plate collectors |
| adolescent fertility rate | the number of births per 1000 women ages 15 to 19 |
| biomass fuel | fuel that derives from plant material and animal waste |
| breeder reactor | a nuclear power plant that creates its own fuel from plutonium |
| demand | the quantity of something that consumers are willing & able to buy |
| developed country (more developed country, MDC) | a country that has progressed relatively far along a continuum of development |
| developing country (less developed country, LDC) | a country that is at a relatively early stage in the process of economic development |
| development | a process of improvement in the material conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge & technology |
| fair trade | an alternative to international trade that emphasizes small businesses & worker-owned & democratically run cooperatives & requires employers to pay workers fair wages, permit union organization, & comply with minimum environmental & safety standards |
| female labor force participation rate | the percentage of women holding full-rime jobs outside the home |
| fission | the splitting of an atomic nucleus to release energy |
| foreign direct investment (FDI) | investment made by a foreign company in the economy of another country |
| fossil fuel | an energy source formed from the residue of plants & animals buried millions of years ago |
| fracking (hydraulic fracturing) | the pumping of water at high pressure to break apart rocks in order to release natural gas |
| fusion | creation of energy by joining the nuclei of two hydrogen atoms to form helium |
| gender inequality index (GII) | a measure of the extent of each country's gender inequality |
| geothermal energy | energy from steam or hot water produced from hot or molten underground rocks |
| gross domestic product (GDP) | the value of the total output of goods & services produced in a country in a given time period (normally one year) |
| gross national income (GNI) | the value of the output of goods & services produced in a country in a year, including money that leaves & enters the country |
| housing bubble | a rapid increase in the value of houses followed by a sharp decline in their value |
| human development index (HDI) | an indicator of the level of development for each country, constructed by the United Nations, that is based on income, literacy, education, & life expectancy |
| hydroelectric power | power generated from moving water |
| inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI) | modification of the HDI to account for inequality within a country |
| literacy rate | the percentage of a country's people who can read & write |
| maternal mortality ratio | the number of women who die giving birth per 100,000 births |
| microfinance | provision of small loans & other financial services to individuals & small business in developing countries |
| millennium development goals | eight international development goals that all members of the UN have agreed to achieve by 2015 |
| nonrenewable energy | a source of energy that has a finite supply capable of being exhausted |
| passive solar energy systems | solar energy systems that collect energy without the use of mechanical devices |
| photovoltaic cell | a solar energy cell, usually made from silicon, that collects solar rays to generate electricity |
| potential reserve | the amount of a resource in deposits not yet identified but thought to exist |
| primary sector | the portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface, generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, & forestry |
| productivity | the value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make |
| proven reserve | the amount of a resource remaining in discovered deposits |
| purchasing power parity (PPP) | the amount of money needed in one country to purchase the same goods & services in another country; PPP adjusts income figures to account for differences among countries in the cost of goods |
| radioactive waste | materials from a nuclear reaction that emit radiation; contact with such particles may be harmful or lethal to people; therefore, the materials must be safely stored for thousands of years |
| renewable energy | a resource that has a theoretically unlimited supply & is not depleted when used by humans |
| secondary sector | the portion of the economy concerned with manufacturing useful products through processing transforming, & assembling raw materials |
| structural adjustment program | economic policies imposed on LDCs by international agencies to create conditions encouraging international trade, such as raising taxes, reducing government spending, controlling inflation, etc. |
| supply | the quantity of something that producers have available for sale |
| tertiary sector | the portion of the economy concerned with transportation, communications, & utilities, sometimes extended to the provision of all goods & services to people, in exchange for payment |
| uneven development | development of core regions at the expense of those on the periphery |
| value added | the gross value of a product minus the costs of raw materials & energy |
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jeanay26
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