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HIST 106 Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What could you find in the West? | mining, cattle, farming, and land bonanzas |
| What are Bonaza Farms? | large and very successful farms |
| What did the early western economy depend on? | federal government |
| By 1900, how much of land was carved out by western states? | most of it |
| How much of the U.S. population was Native American after the civil war? | half of it |
| What happened to Native Americans by 1880? | Put into reservations, culture was drowned out, and was no longer an independent people |
| Where did 2/3 of Native Americans live? | great plains |
| What where the plains Indians like? | Nomadic, war like, constantly moving, dependent on buffalo and horses |
| What did the buffalo supply for Native Americans? | Food, clothing, and shelter |
| What did Native American Men do? | Hunted, traded, ceremonial activity, and held positions of power |
| What did Native American Women do? | Took care of children, artistic, grew food/made it, played in some political roles, economics, and religious roles |
| Where Native American tribes assigned boundaries? | Yes, and was specific to each tribe |
| What was the Chivington Massacre? | 1864 John Chivington ordered his men to kill everyone including women and children. This happened even when the Native Americans surrendered. |
| What was the Fetterman Massacre? | 1866 in Wyoming, Fetterman decided to attack the Sioux Indians. The Indians killed fetterman and all of his men. |
| How did civilizing Native Americans go? | U.S. thought Native Americans where savages and needed to be civilized. Native Americans were punished when trying to express their culture and did not really have a choice. |
| What was the Battle of Little Bighorn? | (1876): Also called Custer's Last Stand, it was the most famous incident of the Indian Wars. Cheyenne and Sioux indians killed Custer and all of his men. |
| What is an "Ghost Dance"? | Native American ceremony to restore their lost land |
| What is the Wounded Knee Massacre? | mass killing by U.S. soldiers of as many as 300 unarmed Sioux at Wounded Knee, South Dakota, in 1890 |
| What is the Dawes Severalty Act? | (1887) Ended tribal life and divided land |
| How much land did Native Americans get, and what were they supposed to do with it? | 160 acres per family and were expected to farm |
| When did the buffalo go extinct? | between 1882-1884 |
| How many Native Americans lived in the U.S. to start the 1900s? | around 2000 |
| How long did it take to move west? | 3 months |
| What are some motivations for moving west? | Adventure, escape from routine of factory/city life, and to improve life |
| Who made the decision to move West? | Men |
| What did the families use to travel? | In a wagon train on the Missouri River |
| What is the Homestead Act 1862? | 1862 - Provided free land in the West to anyone willing to settle there and develop it. Encouraged westward migration. |
| Water problems and Newlands Act (1902) | finance of irrigation from 16 states. Damns, cannels, and it helped cities grow |
| Spanish Speaking Southwest | Southwestern states influence heavily by Spanish culture and language. |
| What is the California Gold Rush (1849) | Mass migration of people looking for gold and was the template for other booms |
| What is Placer Minning? | Requires little skill, shovel washing, used pan to find gold. Become expert business. Large corporations came and labor was unionized. Towns got industrialized. Moved west to east. |
| What is Comstock Load? | Company formed 1873 and found gold /silver. 54 ft wide of gold/silver and made millions. |
| What is the Black Hills goldrush? | In Dakotas and is a mining boom |
| How were mining towns organized/governed? | Urbans areas on frontier. Could get anything you wanted. Need for gov and law enforcement. Miners organized rules and procedures. |
| Explain Women in mining towns? | Not many women. More than 2 to 1 difference. If they weren't prostitutes men wondered why they were there. Better pay for women in mining towns. |
| How were foreign-born people treated in mining towns? | Quarter of total pop was foreign born. In 1860s a third of miners were Chinese. Foreign miners were not liked. |
| What is the Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) | Suspended immigration from China for 10 years and was extended. Number of Chinese in U.S. went down. |
| When was the Mining Bonanza over? | by the 1890s |
| How did cattle get to northern markets? | By train |
| What factors ended Cattle Bonanza? | Farmers plant wheat on ranges, barbed wire cut across trails and divided up big ranches, and mechanical improvement modernized the industry |
| What are Exodusters? | (1879) 6,000 African Americans came to west to establish free lives in Kansas. 20,000 acres of land. |
| What are some hardships of farming? | Lumber was scarse, mud houses, elements difficult, crops would be eaten, and winters are bad. |
| What is the National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry? | 1867 Oliver H.K. early effort to organize farmers. Mostly in south and helped educate farmers. Setup purchasing, stores, pay as you go buying, insurance companies, and shared warehouses, |
| When does the most advancement in industrialization happen? | In 3 decades after civil war |
| What did industrialization lead to? | Cities grew, technology advanced, and farm production rose |
| What are the factors behind industrialization? | Abundance of natural resources, abundance of labor, burgeoning population and expansion of markets |
| What created a national market? | railroads |
| What is a Combine harvester? | machine that harvests crop and separates out green or seed for transport |
| Did the government give land to manufacturers? | yes |
| What is the American form of Government? | stability to private property and regulate industry |
| What is one of the 19th centuries most significant innovations? | railroads |
| What are the advantages of railroads? | direct routes, greater speed, safety, and a comfortable way of travel |
| What happened because of railroads? | ended isolation and self-sufficiency, tied people together, brought in outside products, and fostered interdependency |
| How did Native Americans see railroads? | destroyed lifeways |
| When and where was the Transcontinental Railroad finsihed? | May 10, 1869 and in Promontory Point Utah |
| What did the Transcontinental Railroad symbolize? | American unity and progress |
| What is the Bessemer Process? | A way to manufacture steel quickly and cheaply by blasting hot air through melted iron to quickly remove impurities. |
| Who is Andrew Carnegie? | master of the steel industry |
| Who is John D. Rockefeller? | owner of standard oil and controlled 90% of oil production |
| Who formed the suburbs? | the middle class |
| Who is John H R Sul? | designed skyscrapers |
| Where did the working class move too? | into the cities |
| What are some perils of the city? | Tenements/overcrowding, stink, alcoholism, dirty water and polluted air, street gangs, rising crime, and suicide |
| What are some motivates to immigrate? | unemployment, food shortages, and threats of war |
| Who is a major political machine in New York? | William "Boss" Tweed |
| How did political Bosses stay in power? | Skillful political organization and immigrants made up the ranks/followers. Understood the poor and how to help. |
| Womens Christain Temperence Union | women organization with 500,000 members |
| What are some causes of the spread of Jim Crow? | 1.Northern Liberals, southern radicals, and paternalistic conservatives fade away and do not impose checks on racist extremism 2.North and South attempt political reconciliation following civil war 3.supreme court cases |
| What is Plessy v Ferguson? | a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal |
| What is Williams v Mississippi? | An 1898 Supreme Court ruling that allowed states to impose poll taxes and literacy tests. |
| What is the grandfather clause? | A clause in registration laws allowing people who do not meet registration requirements to vote if they or their ancestors had voted before 1867. |
| Would African Americans be liched by mobs? | yes |
| Who is Booker T Washington? | African American leader and was against segration. Slow progress through self-improvement, show worth of rights, get professional career and college degree |
| What is the Atlanta Compromise? | Argument put forward by Booker T. Washington that African-Americans should not focus on civil rights or social equality but concentrate on economic self-improvement. |
| Who is W.E.D Du Bois? | believed African Americans should strive for full rights and was a Civil Rights activist |
| What is the "Talented Tenth''? | 1/10 of intellectual elite of blacks to lead |
| Who is Jane Addams? | the founder of Hull House, which provided English lessons for immigrants, daycares, and child care classes |
| What is Hull House? | Settlement home designed as a welfare agency for needy families. It provided social and educational opportunities for working class people in the neighborhood as well as improving some of the conditions caused by poverty. |
| What did Democrats want? | states rights, decentralized gov, limited gov, reduced spending/tariffs |
| What did Republicans want? | federal gov to provide material wealth and promote moral progress, protect civil rights, high tariffs |
| What is the farmers alliances? | Groups of farmers coming together |
| What is the Colored Farmers National Alliance? | An organization of southern black farmers formed in Texas in 1886 in response to the Southern Farmers' alliance, which did not accept black people as members |
| What is the Ocala Demands? | 1890 - The leaders of what would later become the Populist Party held a national convention in Ocala, Florida and adopted a platform advocating reforms to help farmers. |
| What is the Pullman Strike? | One of the largest strikes in U.S. history. Cut wages 28 percent and 150 thousand workers went on strike. Dems leads the charge . Shipping and traffic in railroad system. Food and factories went down. Western US in shambles. Federal troops went to Chicago |
| What did the depression of 1890 lead too? | 20% unemployment and children/women went to work |
| What is the league for protection of family? | Got children out of work and into classrooms. |
| What happened to literature in 1870? | pus towards realism and naturalism |
| What is the gold and silver election of 1896? | Growing movement for free coinage or silver, Silverite love silver and want unlimited amount of it. Gov flooded economy with silver that economy would be good. |
| What did Silver symbolize? | shift power from northeast and was in favor of working class |
| Did America have African American troops in the Spanish-American War? | Yes 100,000 troops but where not treated very well |
| Battle of Manila Bay | Spanish fleet destroyed and gained Philippines |
| Battle of San Juan | July 1, 1898-One of the most important battles of the Spanish-American War. Roosevelt, the Rough Riders and Pershing's Buffalo Soldiers defeated Spanish on Kettle and San Juan Hill. |
| What did most soldiers die from in the Spanish-American War? | disease |
| What is the Treaty of Pairs? | Cuba recognized as independent, Spain assumed Cuba debts, Spain ceded Guam, Puerto Rico, Philippines |
| Philippine-American War | 3 year war. Gorilla war. Major causalities for both sides. Emilo A leader of Philippine. Made Brian Taft gov Philippine after the war. |
| Who is Henry Ford? | Creator of ford and lead to mass production/assembly line |
Created by:
cdtorgerson
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