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If the lateral decubitus position is used to demonstrate free air in the pleural cavity, on which side must the patient lie?
The patient’s right side
The patient’s left side
Affected side
Unaffected side
The patient’s right side
The patient’s left side
Affected side
Unaffected side
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Which two of the following are advantages of using an SID of 72 inches for chest radiography?
Greater penetration of the mediastinum
Increased spatial resolution of delicate lung structures
Decreased magnification of the heart
Greater penetration of the mediastinum
Increased spatial resolution of delicate lung structures
Decreased magnification of the heart
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RAD 110 Ch 3 Final
RAD 110 Chapter 3 Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| If the lateral decubitus position is used to demonstrate free air in the pleural cavity, on which side must the patient lie? The patient’s right side The patient’s left side Affected side Unaffected side | Unaffected side |
| Which two of the following are advantages of using an SID of 72 inches for chest radiography? Greater penetration of the mediastinum Increased spatial resolution of delicate lung structures Decreased magnification of the heart | Increased spatial resolution of delicate lung structures Decreased magnification of the heart |
| For AP oblique projections of the chest, the side of interest is generally the side _____ the IR. farther from closer to outside of the in the middle of | closer to |
| Where does the trachea lie in relation to the esophagus? To the right Posterior Anterior To the left | Anterior |
| The laryngeal prominence known as the Adam’s apple is the: hyoid bone. epiglottis. thyroid cartilage. cricoid cartilage. | thyroid cartilage. |
| What is the name of the double-walled serous membrane sac that encloses the lung? Pleura Costodiaphragmatic recess Lingula Pleural cavity | Pleura |
| How far above the shoulders should the IR be positioned for PA and lateral chest radiographs? 2 to 3 inches 2.5 to 3.5 inches 1 to 2 centimeters 1.5 to 2 inches | 1.5 to 2 inches |
| According to the general patient guidelines for chest radiography, all ambulatory patients should be imaged: in the decubitus position. with inspiration and expiration. upright. supine. | upright. |
| The thoracic cavity contains all of the following, except: thymus gland. heart. inferior esophagus. larynx. | larynx. |
| What is the name of the hook like process on the last tracheal cartilage? Carina Alveolus Bronchiole Larynx | Carina |
| Why is the right lung shorter than the left lung? The position of the heart The presence of the liver The right lung has only 2 lobes The presence of the stomach | The presence of the liver |
| The costophrenic angle is a part of the: trachea. heart. diaphragm. Lungs | Lungs |
| What is the central-ray angulation for an AP or PA oblique projection of the chest? 15 to 20 degrees cephalad for AP 10 degrees caudad 0 degrees 15 to 20 degrees caudad for PA | 0 degrees |
| Fluid that collects in the pleural cavity is termed: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). pleural effusion. pneumoconiosis. pneumonia. | pleural effusion. |
| What is the most optimal position of the patient for examinations of the heart and lungs? Supine Prone Decubitus Upright | Upright |
| Where should the CR be placed for an AP Chest X-Ray? The CR should be centered at the inferior rib margin. The CR should be centered at the jugular notch. The CR should enter 3 inches below the jugular notch. | The CR should enter 3 inches below the jugular notch. |
| The area between the two lungs is termed the: thorax. carina. pleural space. mediastinum. | mediastinum. |
| The Lindblom method is used to demonstrate the: pulmonary apices. upper anterior ribs. heart and great vessels. posterior ribs. | pulmonary apices. |
| radiography of the pulmonary apices, what is the central-ray angle that can be used to project the clavicles above the apices? 15 to 20 degrees caudad 5 to 10 degrees cephalad 5 to 10 degrees caudad 15 to 20 degrees cephalad | 15 to 20 degrees cephalad |
| Where should the CR be placed for a PA Chest X-ray? At the vertebral prominens At the level of T7 At the inferior angle of the scapula At T9/T10 | At the level of T7 At the inferior angle of the scapula |
| Which of the following is a recommended SID for a supine AP chest radiograph? 48" 72" 120" 40" | 72" |
| How long should the patient remain in position before making the exposure when performing a projection in the lateral or dorsal decubitus position? 5 minutes 1 minute 10 minutes 2 minutes | 5 minutes |
| Why is the upright left lateral position the most commonly used? Easier to visualize interlobar fissures Patient’s heart is closer to the image receptor Less chance of body rotation There is greater magnification of the heart | Patient’s heart is closer to the image receptor |
| If the lateral decubitus position is used to demonstrate fluid in the pleural cavity, on which side must the patient lie? The patient’s right side Unaffected side The patient’s left side Affected side | Affected side |
| What is the recommended SID for a PA chest radiograph? 120" 40" 48" 72" | 72" |
| The presence of gas or air in the pleural cavity is termed: pneumopericardium. pneumomediastinum. pneumonias. pneumothorax. | pneumothorax. |
| What is the central-ray angle for a PA projection of the chest? Perpendicular 5 degrees cephalad Parallel 5 degrees caudad | Perpendicular |
| For PA oblique projections of the chest, the side of interest is generally the side _____ the IR. on the outside of in the middle of closer to farther from | farther from |
| How is the central ray positioned for an x-ray projection done with the patient placed in a decubitus position? Transverse Vertical Horizontal Longitudinal | Horizontal |
| How many ribs should be visible above the diaphragm on a PA chest radiograph? 10 12 11 9 | 10 |
| What is the degree of body rotation for the PA oblique, LAO position of the chest during a cardiac series? 65 to 70 degrees 55 to 60 degrees 45 to 50 degrees 60 to 65 degrees | 55 to 60 degrees |
| How far should the patient stand in front of the grid device before leaning backward for the lordotic position? 1 foot 1½ feet ½ foot 2 feet | 1 foot |
| How many bones are in the normal adult body? | 206 |
| The term that describes the sole of the foot is called: | Plantar |
| An oblique position in which the patient is lying on the left anterior side is termed a: | Left Anterior Oblique |
| A patient lying supine with the right side of the body rotated 45 degrees toward the x-ray tube describes which radiographic position? | LPO (Remember, with an LPO, the left side is down and the right side it up. Also think about where the tube is as well) |
| A patient is lying supine. The x-ray tube is directed horizontally with the CR entering the right side of the body. What is the name of the position? | Dorsal Decubitus |
| A patient is lying prone. The x-ray tube is directed horizontally with the CR entering the right side of the body. The IR is next to the left side of the body. What is the x-ray beam reference? | Horizontal/cross-table |
| A patient is erect with the left side of the chest against the IR. The CR enters the right side of the chest. What is the position? | • Left Lateral • Most common position used for lateral radiographs because it puts the patient’s heart closer to the IR. In turn reduces magnification of the heart. |
| A patient is lying on their right side. The anterior surface of their body is against the IR. A horizontal beam enters the posterior surface and exits the anterior surface of their body. What projection has been performed? | PA |
| Involuntary motion can be caused by: | • Peristalsis • Spasm • Tremor • Pain • Chill • Pulsation |
| 11. Radiographers can control voluntary motion by: | • Giving clear instructions to the patient. |
| 12. Blood and body fluid recommendations are issued by the: | CDC |
| 13. The source of radiation is an x-ray tube (the anode) and it (being the SSD) shall not be less than ______ inches from the _______. | • 12; Patient |
| 14. Controlling factors for magnification are: | • Object-to-image receptor distance (OID) and Source-to-image receptor distance (SID) |
| 15. The phosphors in computed radiography IRs and very sensitive to: | • Scatter Radiation |
| 16. All of the following is affected when imaging patients who are obese: | • Image quality • Ability to transfer safely • Ability to find positioning landmarks |
| 17. When should compensating filters be used? | • For body parts that have extreme differences in tissue density. |
| 18. When should a grid be used? | • When a body part is 10 to 12cm or thicker • When the kVp is above a certain level. |
| 19. When working with larger or obese patients, what are the two major important considerations when it comes to radiographic examinations? | • Body Diameter • Weight |
| 20. The one landmark that can be palpated and used for localizing the pubic symphysis on obese patients: | • The Jugular Notch • It’s located at the level of T2-T3 |
| 21. Which specific type of joint allows multiaxial movement? | • Ball and socket |
| 22. A serious fracture in which the bones are not in anatomic alignment is called: | • Displaced |
| 23. The plane that divides the body into equal posterior and anterior halves is termed: | • Midcoronal |
| 24. The hole in a bone for transmission of blood vessels and nerves is called a: | • Foramen |
| 25. The following terms are used to describe x-ray "projections": | • AP • PA • PA Axial • Tangential |
| 26. The Vertebra located at approximately the same level of the Xiphoid process is: | • T9-T10 |
| 27. A tube-like passageway running within a bone is called a: | • Meatus |
| 28. Sesamoid bones are found: | • Beneath the base if the large toe. • On the palmar aspect of the thumb. |
| 29. Oblique positions are always named according to the side of the patient that is: | • Closest to the IR |
| 30. Movement of a part away from the central axis of the body or body part is termed: | • Abduction |
| 31. A term that means the same as anterior is: | • Ventral |
| 32. The term that refers to parts nearer the point of attachment, or origin, is: | • Proximal |
| 33. In the "anatomic position," the palms of the hands are facing: | • Forward |
| 34. If the CR enters the anterior body surface and exits the posterior body surface, the x-ray projection is termed: | • AP |
| 35. When trying to locate the pubic symphysis, an imaging professional will palpate the: | • Greater Trochanter |
| 36. Which plane specifically divides the body into equal right and left halves? | • Midsagittal |
| 39. If the foot is turned inward at the ankle joint, the body movement is termed: | • Inversion |
| 40. Inflammation of the Bronchi would be termed: | • Bronchitis |
| 41. The part of the lung that extends above the clavicle is termed the: | • Apex |
| 42. What is the central-ray angle for the Lindblom method (Lordotic position) of demonstrating the pulmonary apices? | • 0-degrees |
| 43. The thoracic viscera consist of the: | • Lungs. • Heart • Respiratory System • Cardiac System • Lymphatic system • Inferior Esophagus • Thymus Gland |
| 44. For PA oblique projections of the chest, the side of interest is generally the side _____ the IR. | • Farther From |
| 45. After entering the hilum, each primary bronchus divides. How many primary branches are in the right lung? | • Three |
| 46. In this PA Oblique projection of the chest, what position is the patient in? | • LAO at 45-degrees (Anterior or Ventral surface touching/facing the IR, with the right side elevated toward the tube – Anatomy that is on the elevated side or away from the IR is area of interest) |
| 47. On this AP Oblique Chest projection, what position is the patient in? | • LPO (Posterior or Dorsal Surface is touching the IR with the Right side elevated toward the tube – side that is closest to the IR is the area of interest) • The AP Obliques are also positioned in a 45° rotation |
| 49. Which plane must be accurately parallel with the IR to prevent distortion of the thoracic structures during a lateral chest radiograph? | • MSP (Parallel vs Perpendicular) |
| 50. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged by diffusion within the: | • Alveoli |
| 53. What is the patient position for a lateral projection done in the dorsal decubitus position? | • Supine |
| 55. For AP oblique projections of the chest, the side of interest is generally the side _____ the IR. | • Closer to (Projection vs. Position – AP Obl Projection – posterior aspect touching table/IR) |
| 57. When the hand is turned toward the ulnar side, it is termed: | • Ulnar Deviation |
| 58. Oblique positions are always named according to the side of the patient that is: | • Closest to the IR |
| 60. Radiographs are usually oriented on the display device so that the person looking at the image sees the body part placed in the ________ position | • Anatomic |
| 61. This minimizes the amount of radiation to the patient by restricting exposure (Beam) to essential anatomy: | • Collimation (Also improves fine detail) |
| 62. The radiographer's responsibility is to select the combination of _______ that produces the desired quality of radiographs for each region of the body and to standardize this quality. | • Exposure Factors (We can control the techniques) |
| 63. The ASRT has ____ codes of ethics | • 10 |
| 64. This describes the ability to visualize small structures. | • Spatial Resolution |
| 65. Which of the following belong on all radiographs? | • Date • Patient's name or identification number • Right or left marker • Institution identity |
| 66. This distance is a critical component of each radiograph because it directly effects _________ of the anatomy on the image, the _________, and the _______ to the patient. | • Magnification • Spatial resolution • Dose |
| 70. There is only ________ joint in the body and it’s the CMC – Carpometacarpal joint between the trapezium and the first metacarpal (i.e. the thumb) | one saddle |
| The aspiration of a foreign particle in the lung is termed | Aspiration pneumonia |
| The following structures are located/associated within the mediastinum: | • Heart • Great Vessels • Trachea • Esophagus • Thymus • Lymphatics • Nerves • Fibrous Tissue • Fat |
| The smallest subdivision of the bronchial tree is | the terminal bronchial |
| A Chronic condition with persistent obstruction of the bronchial airflow is termed | COPD or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. |
| When performing a ventral or dorsal decubitus lateral projection, the _________ of the patient’s chest will be placed against the vertical IR | affected side |
| When positioning for a PA CXR, make sure to | position your patient so that the shoulders are rolled forward |
| In an RAO position for an oblique chest, the maximum area of the ___________ is shown along with the thoracic viscera. | left lung |
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