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nasm ces 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| motions in the sagittal plane | flexion and extension |
| axis of the sagittal plane | coronal |
| example of exercises in the sagittal plane | biceps curl, triceps pushdowns, squats, front lunges, calf raises, climbing stairs |
| motions in the frontal plane | adduction/abduction, lateral flexion, eversion/inversion |
| axis of the frontal plane | anterior-posterior |
| example of exercises in frontal plane | side lateral raises, side lunges, side shuffling, |
| motions of the transverse plane | internal/external rotation, left/right spinal rotation, horizontal adduction/abduction |
| axis of the of the transverse plane | longitudinal |
| exercises in the transverse plane | cable rotations, turning lunges, throwing, golfing, swinging a bat |
| eversion of the foot | sole turns towards the ouside of the leg |
| inversion of the foot | sole turns towards the inside of leg |
| during pronation the foot | dorsiflexes, everts, abducts |
| during pronation the ankle | dorsiflexes, everts, abducts |
| during pronation the knee | flexes, adducts, internally rotates |
| during pronation the hip | flexes, adducts, internally rotates |
| during supination the foot | plater flexes, inverts, adducts |
| during supination the ankle | plater flexes, inverts, adducts |
| during supination the knee | extends, abducts, externally rotates |
| during supination the hip | flexes, abducts, externally rotates |
| during the initial contact of gain, the subtalar joint | pronates creating obligatory external rotation of the tibia, femur and pelvis |
| poor control of pronantion decreases the | ability to eccentrically decelerate multi-segmental motion |
| during the midstance in the gait the subtalar joint | supinates leading to the obligatory external rotation of the tibia, femur and pelvis |
| poor production of supination decreases the ability of the HMS to | concentrically produce the appropriate force for push off that can lead to synergistic dominance |
| during function movements patterns, almost every muscle has the same synergist function to | eccentrically decelerate pronantion or to concentrically accelerate supination |
| an example of a peripipheral joint support system is the rotator cuff that provides dynamic stabilization for | the humeral head in relation to the glenoid fossa |
| posterior fibers of the gluteus medius and the external rotators of the hip provide | pelvofemoral stabilization |
| oblique fibers of the vastus medialis provides | patellar stabilization of the knee |
| in the sagittal plan the latissimus dorsi concentrically | extends the humerus |
| in the sagittal plan the latissimus dorsi eccentrically | decelerates the humeral flexion |
| in the transverse plan the latissimus dorsi concentrically | internally rotates the humerus |
| in the transverse plan the latissimus dorsi eccentrically | decelerates humeral external rotation |
| in the frontal plane the latissmus dorsi concentrically | adducts the femerus |
| in the frontal plane the latissmus dorsi will eccentrically | decelerate humeral abduction |
| lats assist in stabilizing what joints | glenohumeral, scapulothoraic, lumbo-pelvic-hip complex |
| when walking up and down stairs the adductors and abductors will dynamically stabilize | the leg from excessive movement in the frontal and transverse planes |
| during lifting the rotator cuff dynamically stabilizes the | shoulder joint |
| deep cervical flexors are | longus coli, longus capitus |
| deep cervical flexors stabilize the | cervical spine, head and keep head from unnessary movement |
| muscles that are located more centrally to the spine provide | inter-segmental stability (support from vertebrae to vertebrae) |
| muscle that are more lateral to the spine support | the spin as a whole |
| The four muscles that work together in the LS | are the gluteus medius, tensor fascia latae (tfl), adductor complex, and quadratus lumborum. |
| The gluteus medius, tfl and adductors on one side combine with the quadratus lumborum on the other side to control | the pelvis and femur (biggest leg bone) in the frontal plane. |
| if your knees cave in when you do a squat or leg press or your ankles cave in and your toes turn out when you walk or climb stairs, this could indicate | possible weakness and/or instability in the LS. |
| The “Anterior Oblique Subsystem” (AOS) is comprised of: | hip adductors, ipsilateral internal obliques, and the contra-lateral external obliques and |
| which subsystem is relied upon most during the “Swing Phase of gait” | The “Anterior Oblique Subsystem” (AOS) |
| Unilateral Push Patterns also place a primary demand upon which subsystem | “Anterior Oblique Subsystem” |
| The “Posterior Oblique Subsystem” (POS) is comprised of: | hip extensors particularly the glutes as well as the contralateral posterior -trunk rotators such as the latissimus dorsi and lumbar multifidus. |
| which subsystem most highly active in the “Propulsion Phase” of gait. | The “Posterior Oblique Subsystem” |
| Unilateral Pull Patterns rely mostly on the function of which subsystem | “Posterior Oblique Subsystem” |
| The “Deep Longitudinal Subsystem” (DLS) is comprised of the | Tibialis Anterior, Peroneus Longus, Biceps Femoris, Sacrotuberous Ligament, Erector Spinae, and the Thoracolumbar Fascia. |
| which subsystem is in highest demand during heel strike and the Transitional Phase of gait. | The “Deep Longitudinal Subsystem” (DLS) |
| Hip extension movements as well as certain Lunge type exercises will challenge and train which subsystem | Deep Longitudinal Subsystem or DLS. |
| The “Lateral Subsystem” (LS) is comprised of the | Hip Abductors such as the Gluteus Medius and Minimus, the ipsilateral adductors, and the contralateral lateral flexors such as the Quadratus Lumborum and Internal Obliques. |
| which subsystem is relied most upon during the single leg “Stance Phase” of gait for balance and stability. | The “Lateral Subsystem” (LS) |
| Just about any single leg unilateral pushing, pulling or certain lunging exercises are all good for training which subsystem | Lateral Subsystem or LS |
| Unilateral Push Patterns also place a primary demand and will strengthen and improve function of which subsystem | upon the “Anterior Oblique Subsystem” |
| motor response to internal and external environmental stimuli | motor learning |
| how the central nervous system integrates internal and external sensory information with previous experiences to produce a motor response | motor control |
| intergration of motor control processes through practice and experience, leading t a relatively permanent change in the capacity to produce skilled movements | motor learning |
| the change in motor behavior over time throughout the life span | motor development |
| the cumulative neural input from sensory afferent to central nervous system | proprioception |
| the ability of the central nervous system to gather and interpret sensry information to execute the proper motor response | sensorimotor integration |
| sensory information by the body via length-tension relationships and arthrokinematics to monitor movement and environment | internal feedback |
| mechanically sensitive to tissue stresses that are activated during extremes of extension and rotation | joint mechanoreptors/ ruffini afferents |
| mechanically sensitive to to local compression and tensile loading, especially at extreme ranges of motion | paciniform afferents |
| mechanically sensitive to tensile loads and most sensitive at the end ranges of motion | golgi afferents |
| sensitive to mechanical deformation and pain | nocioceptors |
| the cconscious awareness of joint movement and joint position sense that results from proprioceptive input sent to Central nervous system | kinesthesia |
| specialized neural receptors embedded in connecyive tissue that convert mechanical distortions of tissue into neural codes to be conveyed to the central nervous system | mechanoreceptors |
| dynamic joint stabilization | the ability of the HMS to stabilize joint during movement |
| multisensory condition | refers to a training environment that provides heightened stimulation to the proprioceptors |
| muscles that attach from the pelvis to spine | global core stabilizers |
| includes muscles that attach the spine and or pelvis to the extremities | movement system |
| muscles that make up the local stabilization system | transverse abdominis, internal oblique, lumber multifidus, pelvic floor muscles, diaphram |
| muscles that make up the global stabilization system | guadratus lumborum, psoas major, external oblique, portions of the internal oblique. rectus medius, adductor complex |
| muscles that make up the adductor complex | adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, gracilis, pectineus |
| when a muscle is stretched very quickly, the muscle spindle contracts, which in turn stimulates the primary afferent fibers that causes the extrafusal fibers to fire, and tension increases in the muscle | myotatic stretch reflex |
| the concept of muscle inhibition caused by a tight agonist, decreasing the neural drive of its functional antagonist | altered reciprocal inhibition |
| the neuromuscular phenomenon that occurs when synergist take over the function of a weak or inhibited prime mover | synergistic dominance |
| the biochemical dysfunction in two articular partners that lead to abnormal joint movement (arthrokinematics) and proprioception | arthrokinetic dysfunction |
| which muscles are used to depress the shoulder | pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, latissimus dorsi |
| muscles used to elevate the shoulder | trapezius, levator scapulae, serratus anterior |
| muscles used in retraction of the shoulder | trapezius, rhomboids, latissimus dorsi |
| muscles used in the protraction of the shoulder | levator scapulae, serratus anterior |
| muscles used in external rotation of the shoulder | deltois, teres minor, intrafaspinatus |
| muscles used in internal rotation of the shoulder | deltoid, pectoralis major, treses major, latissimus dorsi |
| muscles used in shoulder adduction | infraspinatus, teres minor, teres major, latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major |
| muscles used in shoulder abduction | deltois, trapezius, serratus anterior |
| muscles used in shoulder extension | deltois, triceps brachii, latissimus dorsi |
| muscles used in shoulder flexion | deltois, biceps brachii, pectoralis major |
| muscles used for elbow flexion | biceps brachii, pronator teres, brachialis |
| muscles used for elbow extension | triceps brachii |
| muscles used for hand supination | biceps brachii |
| muscles used for hand pronation | pronator trese |
| muscle used for wrist extension | extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi radialis longus |
| muscles used for radial deviation | abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor carpi radialis longus, flexor carpi radialis |
| muscles used for ulnar deviation | extensor carpi ulnaris |
Created by:
dinglespp
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