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SLANG: Unit 3

Progressive Era

TermDefinition
Muckrakers Journalists advocating progressive ideas and exposing horrid social conditions and political corruption.
Jacob Riis Muckraker who wrote How the Other Half Lives, describing the poverty, disease, and crime that afflicted many immigrant neighborhoods in New York City.
Upton Sinclair Muckraker who wrote the book The Jungle, describing the appalling conditions in the meatpacking industry in the early 20th century.
Socialism economic and political system based on the equal distribution of wealth and government ownership of business and property.
Eugene V. Debs Former American Railway Union leader who became associated with the American Socialist movement in the early 20th century.
Temperance movement advocating for the moderation or elimination of alcohol
Prohibition laws banning the manufacture, sale, and consumption of alcohol
Carrie Nation Temperance advocate during the late 19th and early 20th century often pictured with an ax.
Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) early 20th century women’s movement that focused on reducing the consumption of alcohol and later pressing for prohibition.
Suffrage The right to vote and associated with the movement for women’s equal rights and voting.
National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) Organization dedicated to gaining the right to vote for women.
Susan B. Anthony Early advocate for women’s suffrage and helped form the NAWSA.
Carrie Chapman Catt Conservative leader of the NAWSA from 1915 to 1920 and pushed the suffrage movement nationwide.
Alice Paul Radical suffragist supporting protests against President Wilson and formed the National Woman’s Party.
Triangle Fire Accident at the Triangle Shirtwaist Company in New York City killing nearly 150 female workers leading to the passage of strict building codes.
Robert La Follette Progressive Wisconsin governor who attacked machine politics and pressured the state legislature to require each party to hold a direct primary.
Initiative The procedure by which citizens can propose legislation and requires the legislature to vote on it.
Referendum Proposed legislation submitted to the voters for approval.
Recall Procedure for voters to demand a special election to remove an elected official from office before his or her term has expired
Suffrage the right to vote
Literacy Test unfair tests administered to people in the South, to disfranchise black citizens
Poll Tax voting tax used to keep black people from voting
Jim Crow Era name adopted from a slavery era play; during this time period, the law enforced segregation of African Americans from whites
Plessy v. Ferguson 1896 Supreme Court decision allowing for “separate but equal” facilities
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) Founded by W.E.B. Du Bois and others in 1909 to address issues involving voting rights and equality for African Americans.
14th Amendment Stated no State shall deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law and all citizens have the right to equal protection of the law.
16th Amendment Legalized a direct federal income tax.
17th Amendment Allowed for the direct election of U.S. senators by the people.
18th Amendment Prohibited the production, sale, or transportation of alcoholic beverages in the United States.
19th Amendment Guaranteed the right to vote for women.
Federal Arbitration settling a dispute by agreeing to accept the decision of an impartial third party (government).
Anthracite Coal Strike 1902 United Mine Workers of America strike in eastern Pennsylvania which threatened to cause an energy crisis requiring the federal government to intervene on the side of labor (first time).
Meat Inspection Act 1906 law required federal inspection of meat sold through interstate commerce and required the Agriculture Department to set standards of cleanliness in meatpacking plants.
Pure Food and Drug Act 1906 law prohibited the manufacture, sale, or shipment of impure or falsely labeled food and drugs.
Northern Securities v. United States 1904 Supreme Court ruling that dissolved the railroad company for establishing a monopoly in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act.
Trustbuster Name describing T. Roosevelt for his attempts to breakup businesses hurting the public interest.
Newlands Reclamation Act 1902 act authorizing federal funds from public land sales to pay for irrigation and land development projects, mainly in the dry Western states.
Conservation The controlled use and protection of natural resources, supported by many progressives and T. Roosevelt.
Payne-Aldrich Tariff Tax regulations enacted in 1909 that failed to significantly reduce tariffs on manufactured goods and raised the rate in many circumstances.
Election of 1912 Presidential campaign involving Taft, T. Roosevelt, and Woodrow Wilson. Taft and Roosevelt split the Republican vote, enabling Wilson to win.
Bull Moose Party Nickname for the newly formed Progressive Party during the 1912 election when T. Roosevelt ran as their candidate.
New Freedom Wilson’s domestic platform during the 1912 election advocating stronger antitrust legislation, banking reform and reduced tariffs.
New Nationalism Roosevelt’s domestic platform during the 1912 election accepting the power of trusts and proposing a more powerful government to regulate them.
Federal Trade Commission Federal agency established in 1914 to investigate and stop unfair business practices.
Underwood Tariff Progressive tax regulations enacted in 1913 which lowered tariff rates for the first time since the Civil War.
Clayton Antitrust Act 1914 law that made certain business practices illegal (price discrimination or discounts for buying in large volumes) and protected the rights of labor unions and farm organizations.
Federal Reserve Act 1913 act establishing a national banking system which indirectly controls interest rates, available credit and the amount of money in circulation.
Domestic Issues and agendas dealing with the U.S. at home as opposed to foreign or international relations.
Created by: J Paola
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