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SLANG: Unit 6
The 1920s: Roaring and Reactionary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| First Red Scare | Following World War I, the period of general fear of communists (reds) seizing power by overthrowing the government. |
| Nativism | Suspicion of people born in foreign countries. |
| Palmer Raids | Controversial raids against foreigners and radicals between 1919 and 1920 during the First Red Scare. |
| A. Mitchell Palmer | Attorney general for Woodrow Wilson; supported controversial raids against foreigners and radicals; believed a communist revolution would take place on May Day (1920). |
| Anarchists | People who oppose any and all forms of government. |
| Sacco and Vanzetti | Court trial of two Italian immigrants eventually convicted and executed for murder during a robbery in the 1920s. |
| “Return to Normalcy” | Campaign slogan of Warren G. Harding in the election of 1920 advocating an end to progressivism and more focus on domestic issues. |
| Isolationism | Policy of staying out of world affairs, and focusing on domestic issues. |
| Dawes Plan | 1924 Agreement with France, Britain, and Germany by which American banks would make loans to the Germans that would enable them to meet their reparations payments. Britain and France would accept less in reparations. |
| Washington Conference | Meeting of the world’s largest naval powers between 1921 and 1922; discussed naval disarmament and reducing tension in East Asia; resulted in three major treaties. |
| Kellogg-Briand Pact | 1928 agreement to outlaw war as an instrument of foreign policy. |
| Fordney-McCumber Tariff | 1922 legislation that raised taxes on imports to record levels in order to protect American business against foreign competition. |
| McNary Haugen Bill | Legislation designed to assist farmers by guaranteeing certain price levels for key products; required a tax on domestic food sales; vetoed two times by Coolidge. |
| Census | Official count of the population. |
| Quota | Set amount or proportional share assigned. |
| National Origins Act | 1924 legislation to limit immigration by allowing 2% of each nationality group living in the United States from the 1890 census. |
| Emergency Quota Act | 1921 legislation to limit immigration by allowing 3% of each nationality group living in the United States from the 1910 census. |
| Harlem Renaissance | The flowering of African American artistic activity during the 1920s in the Harlem community of New York City. |
| Teapot Dome | Scandal during the Harding administration; Secretary of the Interior secretly leased naval oil reserves to private business. |
| Flapper | Young free thinking woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes of the 1920s. |
| Jazz | Style of popular, big band, dance music associated with the 1920s. |
| Fundamentalism | Protestant religious movement grounded in the belief that all the stories and details in the Bible are literally true. |
| Scopes Trial | Sensational 1925 court case in which a biology teacher was tried for teaching evolution in violation of Tennessee law. |
| John T. Scopes | Tennessee biology teacher who taught evolution. |
| Model T | Mass produced automobile designed by Henry Ford. |
| Assembly Line | Manufacturing process in which a product is constructed using divided operations until completed. |
| Consumerism | Preoccupation with purchasing of material goods. |
| Installment Plan | Buying on credit, paying for something in small fees that are spread out over time. |
| Charles Lindbergh | Piloted the first transatlantic solo flight demonstrating the possibilities of aviation and winning popular support for commercial flight. |
| Radio | Form of mass communication and entertainment that emerged in the 1920s. |
| Creationism | The belief that God created the world and everything in it as described in the Bible. |
| Evolution | Charles Darwin’s scientific theory of how forms of life have evolved over time. |
| Speakeasies | Place where alcohol was served illegally during prohibition. |
| Organized Crime | Groups involved in illegal activities. |
| American Civil Liberties Union | Organization established in 1920 to defend and secure rights and to extend rights to people who have been excluded from their protection. |
| “The chief business of the America people is business” | 1925 quote of Calvin Coolidge referring to a pro business administration with limited government intervention. |
| Volstead Act | Legislation passed by Congress 1919 creating a Prohibition Bureau in the Treasury Department to enforce prohibition. |
| Margaret Sanger | Early 20th century advocate for women’s health issues including birth control; established Planned Parenthood. |
| Motion Pictures | Entertainment industry that boomed in the 1920s; centered in Hollywood, CA. |
| Langston Hughes | One of the most prolific, original, and versatile writers of the Harlem Renaissance. |
| Marcus Garvey | Advocate for black nationalism and separatism, which glorified black culture and traditions of the past; founder of the Universal Negro Improvement Association. |
| Universal Negro Improvement Association | founded by Marcus Garvey in the 1920s aimed at promoting black pride and unity (UNIA). |
| Lost Generation | Disillusioned American writers of the 1920s including Ernest Hemingway and F. Scott Fitzgerald. |
Created by:
J Paola
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