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SLANG: Unit 10

Civil Rights Movement

TermDefinition
Executive Order 9981 Established equality of treatment and opportunity in the Armed Services for people of all races, religions, or national origins; issued by President Harry S Truman.
Dixiecrats (a.k.a. States’ Rights Party) Third party in the election of 1948 that nominated Governor Strom Thurmond of South Carolina in response to Truman’s support of civil rights.
Southern Manifesto Document written in response to the Supreme Court’s order to integrate schools “with all deliberate speed,” following the Brown decision; encouraged white Southerners to defy the Supreme Court.
Brown v. Board of Education 1954 landmark case that ruled that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional and violated the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment; argued by Thurgood Marshall of the NAACP.
De Facto Segregation separation of racial groups, not necessarily by law, but in fact.
De Jure Segregation separation of racial groups required by law.
Rosa Parks Refused to give up her seat to a white man on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama in 1955 which led to a bus boycott and sparked the Civil Rights movement.
Montgomery Improvement Association Organized to run the bus boycott and presided over by Martin Luther King, Jr.
Little Rock Nine Group of African American students who integrated Central High School in 1957 despite Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus’ attempts to halt integration.
Civil Disobedience (a.k.a. Nonviolent Passive Resistance) A protest strategy where resistance to unjust laws or government is undertaken in a nonviolent public way.
Civil Rights Act 1957 Federal legislation intended to protect voting rights for African Americans and established the Commission on Civil Rights.
Civil Rights Act 1964 Landmark legislation that outlawed discrimination in most public accommodations, discrimination in employment, and established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission as a permanent agency.
Civil Rights Act 1968 (a.k.a. Fair Housing Act) Prohibited discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of housing based on race, religion, national origin, and, later, gender.
Voting Rights Act 1965 Outlawed discriminatory voting practices such as literacy tests as a prerequisite to voting.
24th Amendment Prohibited the use of poll taxes in federal elections.
Integration (a.k.a. desegregation) Process of ending systematic racial segregation.
Segregation Separation of people based on race, class or ethnicity.
Jim Crow laws Laws designed to enforce racial segregation and maintain white supremacy in the South after the Civil War.
Boycott A group effort to protest unfair practices by refusing to deal with businesses or people regarded as unfair.
SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference) Created following the success of nonviolent protest in the Montgomery Bus Boycott by Martin Luther King, Jr. and fellow African American ministers to challenge segregation.
SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) Organization formed to support nonviolent protests and increase younger advocates roles in the civil rights movement.
James Meredith First African American student enrolled at the University of Mississippi.
Freedom Summer A voter registration project in Mississippi during the summer of 1964.
Freedom Riders Protestors who traveled on buses throughout the South in 1961 challenging segregation laws in interstate transportation and public facilities.
Medgar Evers NAACP field secretary in MS murdered in his driveway by Byron De La Beckwith in 1963.
George Wallace Governor of Alabama who tried to bodily block African American students from entering the University of Alabama in 1963; ran for U.S. President four times.
March on Washington 200,000 demonstrators flocked to the nation’s capital in support of civil rights reform on August 28, 1963; attendees witnessed speeches, hymns, songs, and, of course, MLK’s "I Have a Dream" speech, advocating racial harmony.
Birmingham, AL A hot spot of civil rights’ demonstrations including King’s arrest and marches by children in 1963 which helped garner support for civil rights legislation.
Selma to Montgomery March Selected by the SCLC and Dr. King as the site for the 1965 voting rights campaign; a 50 mile “march for freedom” to the Alabama state capitol.
MFDP (Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party) Organized to challenge the legality of the segregated Democratic Party at the 1964 Democratic National Convention.
Fannie Lou Hamer Former sharecropper evicted from her land after registering to vote; organizer of SNCC and the MFDP.
Nation of Islam African American religious and nationalist movement in the United States that advocated for the establishment of a separate nation for African Americans.
Watts Riot Large scale race riot in a neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, that lasted for six days in August 1965.
Black Panthers Radical, militant organization founded in 1966 originally formed to protect African Americans from police brutality; promoted Black Power, and, by extension, self-defense for blacks.
Kerner Commission Established in July 1967 by President Lyndon B. Johnson to investigate the causes of the 1967 race riots in the United States.
Affirmative Action Policy that attempts to address past discrimination against various groups by improving employment and educational opportunities.
Kerner Commission Established in July 1967 by President Lyndon B. Johnson to investigate the causes of the 1967 race riots in the United States.
Affirmative Action Policy that attempts to address past discrimination against various groups by improving employment and educational opportunities.
Created by: J Paola
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