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What are the trauma views of the skull?
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Procedures - RADT465
ARRT Registry Review covering for Procedure content area
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the views for the skull? | AP Axial (Towne), lateral, PA Axial (Caldwell), SMV, PA Axial Hass |
| What are the trauma views of the skull? | cross table lateral, trauma AP axial (reverse Caldwell), trauma AP, Trauma AP Axial (Towne) |
| What are the views for facial bones? | lateral, waters, caldwell, modified waters, |
| Views for the mandible | axiolateral oblique, PA, towne, PA Axial, modified waters, SMV |
| TMJ views | AP Axial (modified towne), lateral law, lateral Schuler |
| What are the views for nasal bones? | waters, lateral, caldwell |
| What are the views for the orbits? | waters, lateral, caldwell, modified waters |
| Paranasal sinuses views | lateral (horizontal beam), caldwell, waters, SMV |
| AP Axial (Reverse Caldwell), what can you see? | PR in the lower third of the orbits, orbits are magnified |
| AP Axial (Townes) anatomy demonstrated | symmetric image of petrous pyramids , the posterior portion of foramen magnum, dorsum sellae and posterior clinoid processes projected within the foramen magnum, the occipital bone and posterior portion of parietal bone |
| SMV anatomy | the foramina ovale and spinosum, the carotid canals, the sphenoidal and ethmoidal sinuses , the mandible, the bony nasal septum, the dens, occipital bone |
| AP anatomy | orbits are magnified, orbits filled by the margins of PR, posterior ethmoidal air cells, crista galli, frontal bone and frontal sinuses |
| PA anatomy demonstrated | orbits filled by the margins of the PR, posterior ethmoidal air cells, crista galli, frontal bone and frontal sinuses |
| PA Axial (Hass/Reverse Method) demonstrated | skull is more magnified, occipital region, symmetric image of petrous pyramids, dorsum sellae and posterior clinoid processes projected within the foramen magnum |
| PA Axial (Caldwell) anatomy | PR lower third of the orbits, anterior ethmoidal air cells, crista galli, frontal bone and frontal sinuses |
| Lateral demonstrates | shows detail of side adjacent to IR, anterior and posterior clinoid process, sella turcica, dorsum sellae |
| Upright/CTL lateral | same anatomy of lateral, and shows air fluid levels |
| vertebral prominence is at the level of | C7 |
| sternum is at the level of | T2-t3 |
| xiphoid tip at the level | T10 |
| Inferior costal margin at | L2-L3 |
| Iliac crest at | L4-L5 |
| Quadrants of the abdomen | RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ |
| Regions of the abdomen | rt hypochondriac, epigastric, lt hypochondriac, rt lumbar, umbilical, lt lumbar, rt iliac, hypogastric (pubic region), lt iliac |
| RUQ organs | liver, rt kidney, gallbladder, rt hepatic flexure, head of pancreas, duodenum |
| RLQ organs | 2/3 of ileum, appendix, ascending colon, ileocecal valve, cecum |
| LUQ organs | spleen, stomach, lt kidney, tail of pancreas, splenic flexure |
| LLQ organs | sigmoid, descending colon, 2/3 jejunum |
| Where can you see the intervertebral foramen on a lumbar? | lateral view, side closest |
| where can you see the articular facets of the thoracic spine? | oblique 70 degrees, PO away and AO closest |
| Intervertebral Disc Space of Cervical | AP and lateral |
| Intervertebral foramen of cervical spine | oblique 45 degrees, PO away and AO closest |
| intervertebral disc space of lumbar spine | AP and lateral |
| articular facets cervical spine | lateral (closest side) |
| intervertebral foramen of thoracic spine | lateral (closest side) |
| articular facets of lumbar spine | oblique 45 degree, PO closest and AO away |
| Hypersthenic body habitus | 5%, body large and heavy, bony framework thick short and wide, lungs and heart high, stomach transverse, colon/large bowel peripheral, gallbladder high and lateral |
| Asthenic body habitus | 10%, body slender and light, bony framework delicate, thorax long and narrow, stomach very low and long (fish hook), colon low medial, gallbladder low and medial |
| Sthenic | 50%, build average and athletic, similar to hypersthenic but modified by elongation of the abdomen and thorax |
| Hyposthenic | 35% slighter and less robust, stomach intestines and gallbladder situated higher in the abdomen than asthenic |
| Condyle | rounded process for attachment |
| coracoid | a break like process |
| coronoid | a crown like process |
| epicondyle | smaller projection superior to a condyle |
| malleolus | a club shaped process |
| trochanter | a very large rounded process for attachment |
| tubercle | a small rounded process for attachment |
| tuberosity | a large rounded process for attachment |
| antrum | a nearly enclosed cavity |
| fossa | a shallow depression for articulation |
| fovea | a ditch or cup-like depression, usually for attachment |
| Carpals Bones | scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate |
| Rotator cuff muscles | supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, deltoid, subscapularis |
| Tarsal Bones | calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuboid, first/medial cuneiform, second/intermediate cuneiform, third/lateral cuneiform |
| subcapital hip fx | common, inferior to femoral head |
| transcervical hip fx | across the femoral neck |
| basicervical hip fx | at the base of femoral neck |
| intertrochanteric hip fx | between the trochanters |
| decrease in exposure factors | arthritis, ewing sarcoma, osteomalacia, osteoporosis, rickets, thalassemia |
| increase in exposure factors | acromegaly, chronic gout, multiple myeloma, osteochondroma, osteopetrosis, paget disease |
| linear fx | a skull fx, straight and sharply defined |
| depressed fx | a comminuted skull fx, with one or more portions pushed inward |
| hangman fx | fx of C2 with anterior subluxation of C2 on C3; result of forceful hyperextension |
| compression fx | especially of spongy (cancellous) bone; diminished thickness or width as a result of compression type force |
| blowout fx | fx of the orbital floor as a result of a direct blow |
| salivary glands and their ducts | parotid: stenson duct; submandibular: wharton duct; sublingual: bartholin duct |
| GI tract tissue layers | inner to outer: mucosa, submucosa, muscular, serosa |
| References | Schmuck, H. (2023). RADT465 Unit 3 Radiographic Procedures Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN. |
| References | Saia, D.A. (2018). General Procedural Considerations. In S. Barnes, C. M. Thomas (Eds.), Radiography Prep (9th ed., pp. 85-96).Chicago, IL: McGraw-Hill Education. |
| References | Saia, D.A. (2018). Anatomy, Positioning, and Pathology. In S. Barnes, C. M. Thomas (Eds.), Radiography Prep (9th ed., pp. 101-96-219).Chicago, IL: McGraw-Hill Education. |
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hmalmanzag
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