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Nutr

Nutrition Info

QuestionAnswer
What are the symptoms of inadequate nutrition Dry, dull or brittle hair, poor wound healing, Lack of Subcut fat or muscle wasting, Abnormal Cardio measurements and general weakness or impaired coordination
What are the four Anthropometric Tools Weight, Height, BMI and Body Fat Composition Method
What does BMI stand for Body Mass Index
How is BMI calculated Weight (kg) / Height (M2)
What is a normal BMI? 18.5 % - 24.9%
What are some factors for adequate weighing of a client? Weigh at the same time everyday, Acknowledge daily fluctuations due to water loss/gain, Know the ideal body weight and the percentage weight change calculation
Body Mass Index a reliable indicator of body Fatness
Fluid I & O should be what value daily 1 - 1
What are three types of Body Fat Composition Method Skin Fold Measurement, Waist to Hip Ration and Densitometry
Lab or Clinical Values used for nutrition Fluid I&O, Protein/Albumin Levels and prealbumin Levels
What are the risk factors of inadequate Nutrition Biophysical Factors, Psychological Factors and Socioeconomical Factors
What is a Protein made in the liver, that maintains the amount of blood in the veins and arteries? Albumin
What happens when Albumin levels become low Fluid can leak ot of the cells causing severe edema
What is a normal Albumin level 3.9 grams/deciliter to 5.0 grams/deciliter
What are some biophysical factors Medical disease, genetic predisposition and age
What are some pschological factors mental illness, excessive stress, negative self-concept and use of comfort foods
What are some socioeconomical factors Poverty, alcohol and drug use, fad or special diets and food preferences
What are the three types of carbohydrates Monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides
How much of the carbohydrates you take in are actually absorbed? 80-95%
How much energy do carbohydrates provide for the body? 4cal/g
How much energy does protein provide for the body? 4cal/g
How much energy does fats provide for the body? 9cal/g
How many amino acids are there? 22
How many nonessential amino acids are there? 13
How many essential amino acids are there? 9
What is a nutrient that the body must get from food because it can not produce it An essential nutrient
What is a nutrient that the body can produce on its own? Non essential nutrients
What are the buiding blocks of proteins? Amino Acids
What are the water soluble vitamins Vitamins C and the B complex
What are the fat soluble vitamins? Vitamins A, D, E and K
What does BMR stand for? Basal Metabolic Rate
What vitamin helps to prevent Scurvy and allows for iron absorption? Vitamin C
What Vitamin keeps us from getting pernicious Anemia Vitamin B12
Where do we get Vitamin C from? Citrus fruits and juices, some vegetables
Where do we get Vitamin A from Carrots, orange/yellow foods, liver, fish oils and dairy
What vitamin deficiency can cause rickets, fragile bones, low serum and low clcium levels? Vitamin D
What vitamin is used in the clotting process? Vitamin K
What is difficulty swallowing Dysphasia
What kind of diet would a person with dysphasia have Mechanical soft
How long can a bag of TPN be hung for 24 hours
When a client is assigned a diet as tolerated what kind of diet do they get Whatever diet they can handle
What is not working properly when when we have heartburn or acid reflux The cardiac sphincter
When the pyloric sphincter is not functioning properly and it sends food directly from the stomach into the small intestines without being digested, you get what problem Dumping syndrome
What is the maximum length of time to be on a clear liquid diet 3 days
How long can you remain on the full liquid diet 3 - 4 days
RDA is now known as DRI
What are the nutritive sources Carbs & Fiber, Protein, Lipids, Vitamins, Minerals, electrolytes and Water
Which of the nutritive sources provide the body with energy Carbs, fats and proteins
What are the three types of monosaccharides glucose, fructose and galactose
What is a class of simple water soluble proteins that can be coagulated by heat and are found in egg whites blood serum milk and many other animal and plant tissues Albumin
What are three types of disaccharides Sucrose, Maltose and lactose
What are polysaccharides Starches and Fiber
What is the minimum carbohydrate intake needed to fuel the brain 130 g/day
What are the three types of proteins Complete, incomplete and Complimentary
Where are most of our carbohydrates absorbed Small Intestine
What is a stored carbohydrate energy source found in the liver and muscles Glycogen
What is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by 1 c Calorie
What is important for proper bowel elimination, lower cholesterol, and helps to decrease incidence of intestinal cancers Fiber
What percent of your diet should be carbohydrates 45% - 65%
All carbohydrates are organic compounds composed of ________, oxygen and hydrogen Carbon
What is the main function of carbohydrates Providing energy
What is categorized as a carbohydrate but doesnt yeild any energy for the body Fiber
What are the four types of fiber Pectin, Gum, Cellulose and Mucilage
Carbs provide energy for cellular work, regulate protein, fat metabolism, and are essential for normal cardiac and ________ system Functioning Nervous
Proteins are _________ ____________ made of amino acids in linear chains and joined together by peptide bonds between carboxyl and amino groups of adjacent amino acid residues Organic Compounds
What are food sources that when eaten together provide ALL the essential amino acids called Complementary Proteins
What are proteins that are generally from animal sources that contain all of the essential vitamins by themselves Complete Proteins
What are proteins that are generally from plants that do not contain all the essential amino acids incomplete
What is the primary source of energy in our body Carbohydrates
What is the secondary source of energy in our body Lipids
Which lipid forms adipose tissue Triglycerides
How much of the daily intake should be from proteins 10%
What are the three lipoproteins vldl, ldl and hdl
Which lipoprotein is considered the GOOD cholesterol HDL
The metabolic functions of protein are tissue building and maintanence, balance of nitrogen and water, back up energy source and support of the metabolic process and supporting the __________ system Immune
How much of the total caloric intake hould be from lipids 20% - 35%
A high fat diet has been linked to Cardiovascular disease
Lipid _______ starts in the small intestine breakdown
What two enzymes breakdown the fats bile from the gallbladder and lipase from the pancreas
What three things cause the release of fatty acids Muscle, liver and adipose tissue
What are organic compounds in food that are needed in small amounts for growth and to maintain good health Vitamins
How many essential vitamins are there 13
How many major minerals are there 7
How many trace minerals are there 10
What is the most basic of nutrients that we cannot live w/o for more than a few days Water
What is the minimum daily requirement of water 1500 mL
We can assess someones proper hydration by their skin turgor, mental status, orthostatic blood pressure, urine output and concentration, and the condition of their Mucous membranes
What are electrically charged minerals that cause physiological reactions to maintain homeostasis Electrolytes
What is the BREAKING DOWN of substances with the resultant release of energy Catabolism
What is the use of energy to BUILD or REPAIR substances Anabolism
What are the two types of metabolism Anabolism and Catabolism
What is the chemical reaction that occurs in living organisms in order to maintain life Metabolism
What two excess energy nutrients are stored in the body Glycogen and Lipids (fat)
The metabolism of energy nutrients produces oxygen, Carbon Dioxide and ATP
What is the rate at which food energy is burned called Metabolic Rate
BMR is the amount of energy burned at Rest
During periods of growth we hav a ________ nitrogen balance Positive
Vitamin C aids in the _____________ of iron absorption
Vitamin D assists in the absorption of Calcium
Vitamin E is an _______________, which keeps our cells from oxidizing Antioxidant
Vitamin K can be found in vegetable oils, eggs, some nuts and ______________ Avacados
Vitamin D can be found in Milk, Cod Liver Oil, the sunshine and Eggs
If we have a deficiency in Vitamin K we will have an ________________ Bleeding time Increased
Vitamin K can be found in green leafy veggies, plant oils and Liver
What forms a bond with calcium to accumulate in calcified body tissue Fluoride
When the pt can not consume adequate nutrients and calories on their own or have a partialy functioning GI tract they would be considered for Enteral Nutrition
What are the two types of enteral feedings TPN (Total Parenteral Nutrition) and PPN (Peripheral Parenteral Nutrition)
Which type of enteral feeding would be used for a pt that is undergoing cancer treatment, suffering from trauma or burns and require high caloric requirements TPN
Which type of enteral feeding would be used for a pt who will need the assistance for less than 7 days, needs less than 2500 cal/day or when a central venous line is not available PPN
Due to the high content of Dextrose in TPN, what should the nurse check often Glucose Level
What type of technique sould be used when changing the fluids Sterile Technique
What should the nurse check on the patients chart for before hanging a new bag Dr.s orders
What eating disorder is classified by the loss of appetite Anorexia
What type of ulcer is characterized by the erosion of the mucosal layer of the stomach or duodenum Peptic Ulcer Disease
What is the Inflammation of the gastric mucosa Gastritis
What is the primary concern for pt's with colostomies and/or ileostomies Fluid and electrolyte maintenance
With Crohns disease and inflammatory bowel disease it is best to stay away from what type of food seeds or husks
What is the inflammation of the gallbladder called Cholecystitis
If you have cholecystitis you should avoid fat foods, coffee, broccoli, cauliflower and ________ spiced foods Highly
During inflammation of the gallbladder the diet would be TPN and NPO
After the inflammation of the gallbladder goes down what type of diet should the pt stay on Low Fat, High protein and carbohydrates
What is the role of food and nutrition in the treatment of diseases and disorders called Therapeutic Nutrition
How would the basic diet become Therapeutic When it is modified for the pt's needs
What are the six basic types of diets Clear Liquid, Full Liquid, Pureed, Mechanical Soft, Soft and Regular
Which diet consists mainly of water and carbohydrates and requires minimal digestion and is non-gas forming Liquid Diet
What is the longest a pt should remain on the Clear Liquid Diet 3 Days
What does coffee increase in the stomach that upsets it and is the reason to limit it during liquid diets Hydrochloric Acids
When on a Full Liquid Diet, if the pt must remain on it for more than 3 - 4 days what should be added High Protein, High Calorie Supplements
What diet is used when the pt has had oral or facial surgery, wired jaws, or has difficulty chewing or swallowing Pureed Diet
Which diet contains whole foods that are low in fiber, lightly seasoned and easily digested and includes food supplements such as snacks, to add calories Soft Diet
What is a Regular Diet that has been modified in texture, including foods that require minimal chewing before swallowing Mechanical Soft Diet
Some of the reasons for a mechanical soft diet are limited chewing ability, dysphagia, poorly fitting dentures, surgery of the neck or mouth and those with restrictions dealing with the GI Tract
What diet is given to pt's that are not under any dietary restrictions Regular Diet
To lower LDL you need a diet that is low in cholesterol, high in fiber, exercise and weight management and __________ ___________ Smoking Cessation
The DASH diet for cardiovascular disorders is a low sodium, high potassium and high calcium diet proven to reduce blood pressure and Cholesterol
On the DASH Diet what is the maximum amount of sodium intake 2400 mg
Which type of diabetes is said to be an autoimmune genetically linked disease and occurs to people under the age of 30 Type One
Which type of diabetes is said to be genetic or due to environmental factors, occurs in individuals older than 40 and obesity and lifestyle are risk factors Type two
A glucose level of ____ mg/dl or less requires immediate action 70
A glucose of 250 mg/dl or higher, ketones in urine, polydipsia, polyuria, hyperventilation, dehydration, fruity odor to breath or coma are indicative of Hyperglycemia
The morning hyperglycemia in response to overnight hypoglycemia Somagyi's phenomenom
Elevation of blood glucose around 5 - 6 am resulting from the overnight release of growth hormone is Dawn Phenomenom
Dietary intake should be individualized
Sat Fat should acount for no more than _____% of total calories 10
When dealing with Renal Disease what does the diet depend upon The Statge of Renal Disease
How can we preserve the remaining function at Pre End Stage Renal Disease By limiting the intake of protein and phosphorous
Once dialysis has begun and protein and amino acids are removed in dialysis what do we need to increase The intake of Protein
What must be restricted in End Stage Renal Disease Phosphorous
What is an abrupt rapid decline in renal failure ARF (Acute Renal Failure)
The goal of the diet in ARF is to minimize edema, replace lost nutrients and minimize permanent ________ ________ Renal Damage
Cancer can cause anorexia, increased metabolism and _________ nitrogen balance Negative
If a pt presents with mouth sores and/or stomatitis what could you do to aid in their taking in of calories Give them a straw
What can be done to assist a cancer pt to maintain their caloric intake Have them eat heavily on good days
What is one way of decreasing the exposure of cancer pt's to microorganisms Peel all fruit that has skin
What can we do to eliminate the metallic taste that metal silverware leaves in a cancer pt's mouth Have them eat with plastic silverware
Malnutrition is a common problem and cause of death with what disease Aids
HIV/Aids pt's need to increase their caloric intake from 35 to 45 cal/kg of weight
HIV/Aids pt's need to increase their protein amounts from 1.2 to 2.0 g/kg of weight
Pernicious anemia is the most common form of Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Vitamin C facilitates the absorption of Iron
Results from a failure to absorb Vitamin B12 or inadequate intake is Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia
Folic Acids are found in green leafy vegetables, dried peas and beans, liver, seeds, cereals and breads and Orange juice
Created by: 1078380780
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