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Chapter 7
7th: Prokaryotic Cells
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| define morphology | the form and structure of an organism or any of its parts |
| define mutation | an abrupt and marked change in the DNA of an organism compared to that of its parents |
| define digestive enzyme | protein designed to break down chemicals found in food |
| define microbiome | collection of all microscopic organisms living in and on a person’s body |
| what is a denatured protein? | protein that has been changed by heat or another process, making it unable to perform its intended function |
| TRUE or FALSE: most antibiotics are made by chemists in a lab | False-bacteria and molds make them much more efficiently |
| vitamins and minerals are collectively called what? | MICROnutrients |
| is there such thing as a simple organism? why? | NO. their may be less complex organisms (prok.) but they are far from simple. think of all the processes they are able to perform! (know them!) |
| where have we found proof ARB have been around longer than current antibiotics? | genes were found in fossilized feces from Middle Ages |
| explain microevolution | this process makes specialized versions of the organism over time |
| where do illnesses come from? | poor diet, genetics (DNA), some via germs |
| do mutations cause resistance to bacteria by creating new genes? | NO! they do not create new genes, they degrade an already existing gene |
| what vitamin groups are essential to humans? | A, B, C, D, E, K |
| name the water soluble and fat soluble vitamins | water=B, C fat=A, D, E, K |
| what happens during inflammation? | area becomes red, swollen and increase in WBC |
| does your microbiome ever change? | YES! it adapts to your body's needs, which change over time |
| how do nitrogen-fixing bacteria do their jobs? | takes in nitrogen from the air and releases a chemical that has nitrogen in the form plants can use |
| do leafcutter ants have a mutualistic relationship with bacteria? explain | the ants grow a fungus they can eat. bacteria live on the ants and release chemicals that protect the fungus from other things that want to eat it |
| why is penicillin so significant to modern antibiotics? | it was the first antibiotic ever discovered. modeled how we created further antibiotics. moldy bread?? |
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LCA678
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