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Cartilage Histology
Histology Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is cartilage | extracellular matrix rich w/ glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteoglycans which interact w/ collagen and elastic fibers |
| What is the most common GAG | Chondroitin sulfate, which is found in synovial fluid in diarthroses |
| What are the three types of cartilage | Hyaline Elastic Fibrocartilage |
| What are the functions of cartilage? | To have a firm consistency that allows it to bear mechanical stresses w/out permanent distortion, having a smooth surface and resilience that enables tissue to act as a shock absorber (joints) and enables bones at joints to slide and facilitates movements |
| What is a function of cartilage? | It is a precursor in the growth of long bones, before and after birth |
| What is cartilage composed of? | Chondrocytes, a matrix consisting of ground substance and fibers, and cavities w/in the matrix known as a lacunae |
| Where do chondrocytes synthesize matrix and ground substance? | lacunae |
| What type of collagen fibers does hyaline cartilage feature? | Type II |
| What type of collagen fibers do Elastic cartilage feature? | Type II and has abundant elastic fibers |
| What type of collagen fibers do Fibrocartilage feature? | Type I and they are dense networks |
| What are some general features of cartilage? | All three types are avascular and nourished by diffusion of nutrients form the adjacent connective tissue, perichondrium |
| Because cartilage is avascular and nourished by diffusion of nutrients form the perichondrium, what happens to the chondrocytes? | They have lower metabolic activity |
| What do cartilage lack? | lymphatic vessels and nerves |
| Where do cartilage lack perichondrium and is sustained by nutrients in the synovial fluid? | In articular cartilage in synovial joints |
| Which cartilage is the most common and best studied? | Hyaline Cartilage |
| Where is Hyaline cartilage found? | On articular surfaces of joints, walls of large respiratory surfaces like the larynx, trachea, and bronchi, as well as the end of ribs that articulate w/ the sternum and in the epiphyseal plate |
| What does the matrix of cartilage consist of? | 40% of dry weight is collagen, there are fibers embedded in a hydrated gel of proteoglycans and gylcoproteins |
| Is cartilage basophilic or acidophilic? | Cartilage is extremely basophilic, with respect to staining |
| Where are the youngest chondrocyte cells? | On the periphery of the tissue |
| What are isogenous groups? | Cells that form groups of up to 8 |
| As chondrocytes synthesize fibers and ground substance, what happens to them? | The cells in groups become separated and occupy their own lacunae |
| What is perichondrium composed of? | Type I collagen fibers and contains numerous fibroblasts |
| What is the stages of maturity for fibroblasts? | Fibroblasts --> chondroblasts --> chondrocytes |
| All of hyaline cartilage is covered with perichondrium expect for what? | Articular cartilage |
| What is a perichondrium? | A dense layer of connective tissue |
| What does Elastic Cartilage have? | Elastic fibers that are yellowish when fresh b/c of elastin protein, and a perichondrium |
| Where can Elastic Cartilage be found? | In the auricle of the ear, walls of the external auditory canal, eustachian tubes, the epiglottis and the cuneiform cartilage of the larynx |
| What is Fibrocartilage? | A structural intermediate between dense connective tissue and hyaline cartilage |
| Where is Fibrocartilage found? | In intervertebral disks, attachments of certain ligaments, and in the pubic symphysis |
| What does Fibrocartilage contain? | Chondrocytes |
| What are chondrocytes in fibrocartilage separated by? | By type I collagen fibers |
| Compared to hyaline cartilage, is the matrix for Fibrocartilage more acidophilic or basophilic? | It is more acidophilic |
| How does cartilage develop? | It develops through chondrogenesis |
| What is the process of chondrogenesis? | Mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondroblasts, which synthesize matrix and fibers to mature into chondrocytes |
| How does cartilage growth occur? | by interstitial growth and appositional growth |
| What is interstitial growth? | Mitotic division of chondrocytes |
| What is appositional growth? | the differentiation of perichondral cells |
| What is a perichondral cell? | Fibroblasts |
| Why is there a limit to how thick cartilage can become? | It is because chondrocytes receive nutrients via diffusion from the perichondrium |
| Are damaged cartilage repaired fast or slow by the activity of cells in the perichondrium? | They are repaired relatively slowly |
Created by:
heavenelizabeth
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