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Civil Rights Review
AH - Civil Rights Movement Unit Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Emancipation | Freeing an individual from slavery |
| Segregation | The enforced separation of different racial groups within a country, community, or establishment |
| Integration | The enforced desegregation of society, which includes creating equal opportunities for individuals, regardless of race |
| Jim Crow Laws | State and local laws that were used to enforce racial segregation in the South |
| Civil Disobedience | Breaking a law on purpose (in a peaceful manner) in order to bring attention to it being an unfair law |
| Literacy Test | A test that determined an individual’s ability to read and write and was a requirement to be able to vote |
| Poll Tax | An amount of money that had to be paid by an individual in order to vote |
| Suffrage | The right to vote |
| Counterculture | A group of young Americans in the 1960s who began to reject the mainstream culture of the United States |
| Feminism | The belief that women should have economic, political, and social equality as men |
| 13th Amendment | Outlawed slavery in the United States |
| 14th Amendment | Granted American citizenship to former enslaved African Americans who were brought to the US against their will or were born in the US |
| 15th Amendment | Granted voting rights to African-American males |
| 24th Amendment | Outlawed the use of poll taxes |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | Stated that racial segregation ("separate but equal") was constitutional |
| Brown v. Board of Education | Ended segregation in schools |
| NAACP | Challenged laws that prevented African-Americans from using their full civil rights as American citizens by trying to remove barriers that prevented them from voting. It also challenged segregation laws in the South, especially in housing and education |
| SCLC | Their main goal was to set up non-violent protests throughout the South in order to bring an end to inequality towards African-Americans. |
| SNCC | They were successful in using sit-ins to help desegregate public places. The Black Power movement promoted racial pride and economic empowerment for African-Americans. By 1966, the SNCC had adopted more violent methods. |
| Black Panther Party | Original mission was to patrol black city neighborhoods and prevent attacks against black residents by whites. They urged all blacks to arm themselves with weapons to fight hostile “white power” and celebrate their “blackness.” |
| Montgomery Bus Boycott | Allowed for African-Americans to continue to tear down barriers of segregation in the US |
| Little Rock 9 | Illustrated that the national government would take steps to help enforce the decision of the Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education, and protect the rights of African-Americans |
| Sit-ins | A form of civil disobedience that was used by thousands of students as a means of gaining the attention of the American public to change their opinions on the unjust nature of Jim Crow laws and segregation in the South |
| Freedom Riders | Worked to bring a national ban on segregation of travel facilities, including busses |
| March on Washington | In August 1963, more than 200,000 people from the country came together to demand Congress to pass Kennedy’s proposed civil rights bill. Despite the protest, Congress did nothing to pass the bill that Kennedy had put forth. |
| Civil Rights Act 1964 | Was instrumental in setting federal laws that states had to follow to protect the civil rights of all American citizens |
| Voting Rights Act 1965 | Eliminated the use of literacy tests as a voting requirement, as well as gave the national election officials the power to supervise the registration of voters |
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tmgilbert
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