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Patho final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pathophysiology of polycythemia | Excessive red cell production |
| Clinical manifestations of multiple myeloma | Elevated levels of calcium in the blood (hypercalcemia), renal failure, anemia, and bone lesions |
| Evaluation for multiple myeloma | Symptoms, radiographic and lab results and confirmed with bone marrow biopsy |
| Clinical manifestations of Burkitt lymphoma. | In non African-the most common presentation is abdominal swelling. Nausea, vomitting, loss of appetite, or change in bowel habits or both. GI bleeding, intentional perforation and renal failure |
| Evaluation for Burkitt lymphoma | presence of tumors in the jaw and facial bones, enlarged lymph nodes and bone marrow containing malignant B cells. Labs include CBC, electrolytes, liver and renal function, |
| Clinical manifestations of leukemias | Anemia, bleeding, infection, weight loss, bone pain, liver, spleen and lymph node enlargement and elevated uric acid levels |
| Evaluations for leukemias | Examination of blood cells and bone marrow. Bone marrow aspirates |
| General pathophysiology of leukemia | Most lymphoid neoplasm arise from B-cell and T-cell differentiation pathways. Clonal disorders driven by genetically abnormal progenitor cells or stem-like cancer cells. |
| A 14 year old girl has failed to menstruate and develop secondary sex characteristics. What term is used to describe this? | Primary amenorrhea |
| What term is used when describing the sexual maturation in girls before the age of 6 and boys before the age of 9? | Precousious puberty |
| Dermoid cysts are tumors that contain elements of skin, hair, glands, muscle, cartridge and bone that can eventually develop into: | Ovarian cancer |
| Risk factors for the development of endometrial cancer include: | Obesity, early menarche, and late menopause |
| Exposure in utero to non steroidal estrogens (diethylstilbestrol DES) also has been identified as a risk factor for: | vaginal cancer |
| Which cancer is the nurse testing for when the Papanicolaou test (pap smear) is used for routine screening? | cervical cancer |
| An abnormal dilation of a vein within the spermatic cord that can lead to infertility is known as: | varicocele |
| Polycystic ovarian syndrome results in stimulation of follicle growth without ovulation and leads to: | infertility |
| Benign ovarian cysts are classified as | Follicular corpus luteum, luteal or dermoid |
| What intervention is recommended for patients with benign breast disease? | Monitoring the intake of chocolate and caffeine |
| Tissue damage in acute pancreatitis is caused by | Leakage of pancreatic enzymes into pancreatic tissue |
| The most common type of chronic pancreatitis is: | Alcohol abuse |
| A patient has a small bowel obstruction. What are the classic symptoms? | Vomiting, colicky abdominal pain, and abdominal distention |
| What will be included in the initial assessment finding for a stress ulcer in a patient that sustained severe trauma | gastrointestinal bleeding |
| Gastrectomy surgery commonly leads to vitamin b12 deficiency anemia because | Decreased intrinsic factor production results in decreased vitamin b1 |
| Reflux esophagitis is defined as: | An inflammatory response to gastroesophaeal reflux |
| The most common cause of portal hypertension is | Liver cirrhosis |
| Malabsorption of what vitamin due to injury of the mucosa of the ileum is a common characteristic of Crohn's disease? | Vitamin B12 |
| Disorder most commonly associated with bright red blood in the stools? | colorectal cancer |
| What interventions will the nurse include in a plan of care for a patient with gastroesophageal reflux disease? (GERD) | Weight reduction, smoking cessation, and elevating the head of the bed 6 inches to help alleviate symptoms |
| Which lab results will be elevated in a patient with DIC or disseminated intravascular coagulation? | Fibrin degradation products |
| Neutrophilia and left shift are most commonly associated with | A bacterial infection |
| Inflammatory cytokines released by hodkins lymphoma tumors often cause | Night sweats, low grade fevers and weight loss |
| The most common cause of hypoparathyroidism is | parathyroid gland removal or injury |
| The pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus involves | Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells |
| A major cause of myxedema coma is: | Untreated hypothyroidism |
| A patient is experiencing a thyroid storm. Which assessment finding will the nurse observe? | High levels of thyroid hormone in conjunction with high levels of stress hormones lead to fever, tachycardia, and eventually high output heart failure |
| Fibromyalgia specifically manifests with | Trigger/ tender point pain |
| A patient has a fracture that broke into several fragments. What type of fracture did the patient sustain? | Comminuted |
| A factor that contributes to the development of osteoporosis in older women (post menopausal) is: | Decreased estrogen levels |
| A patient has osteomyelitis. When the nurse is reviewing the lab results, which type of organism will the nurse most likely observe on the report? | Bacteria |
| Pain and inflammation associate with gout are caused by crystallization of | Uric acid |
| Severe trauma can result in the release of myoglobin from skeletal muscle cells, causing a life threatening condition called: | Rhabdomyolysis |
| What develops if the flow or oxygen content of coronary blood is insufficient to meet the metabolic demands of myocardial cells? | myocardial ischemia |
| All disorders associated with ARDS cause massive pulmonary | inflammation |
| A productive cough for at least 3 months is a classic sign of | chronic bronchitis |
| The sensation of feeling short of breath | Feeling short of breath |
| An acquired chronic autoimmune disease mediated by antibodies against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) at the neuromuscular junction | myasthenia gravis |
| Rheumatoid arthritis results from joint inflammation caused by | Autoimmune injury |
| A set of pins connected to stabilizing bars on the outside of a patient is a type of treatment for fractures called | external fixation |
Created by:
Juels1110
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