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Digestive Tract
Week 13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A barium enema study is used to detect and locate: | Polyps, tumors, and diverticula |
| Which of the following is not an anatomical part of the small intestine? | Cecum |
| The part of the colon that lies in the vertical position, on the left side of the abdomen, extending from a point below the stomach and spleen to the level of the iliac crest is the _____ colon. | Descending |
| Which of the following organs has a mucosa layer composed of stratified squamous epithelium that resists abrasion? | Esophagus |
| Which of the following is not a lobe of the liver? | Medial lobe |
| The flap of tissue suspended from the midpoint of the posterior border of the soft palate is the: | Uvula |
| Approximately how much saliva do the three pairs of compound tubuloalveolar glands (parotids, submandibulars, and sublinguals) secrete each day? | 1 Liter |
| The type of tissue designed for absorption and secretion found throughout much of the GI tract is ____ epithelium. | Simple columnar |
| The most common term for deglutition is: | Swallowing |
| Which of the following structures is anatomically the longest? | Ileum |
| The fan-shaped projection of peritoneum that connects the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall is the: | Mesentery |
| After leaving the stomach, food enters the: | Small intestine |
| The longest portion of the small intestine is the: | Ileum |
| Which of the following organs has a mucosal layer that is composed of columnar epithelium with a brush border of microvilli to enhance absorption? | Small intestine |
| Which of the following salivary glands produces only a mucus type of saliva? | Sublinguals |
| Bile is secreted by: | Hepatic cells |
| An incision into the wall of the GI tract would cut, in order, from superficial to deep: | Serosa, muscularis, submucosa, and mucosa |
| Microvilli can be found: | In the small and large intestine |
| Which of the following of papillae of the tongue lack taste buds? | Filiform |
| The substance that forms the outer covering of the neck and root of a tooth is: | Cementum |
| The extrinsic tongue muscles differ from the intrinsic tongue muscles in that the _____ outside the tongue | Extrinsic muscles insert into the tongue but have their origin |
| The hard palate consists of portions of: | Four bones: two maxillae and two palatines |
| Surgical removal of the gallbladder is referred to as: | Cholecystectomy |
| The proper anatomical order for the divisions of the colon is: | Ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid |
| The walls of the GI tract are composed of ____ layers of tissue | Four |
| The right angle between the transverse colon and the ascending colon is the: | Hepatic flexure |
| All of the following are classified as accessory organs of the digestive system except the: | Mouth |
| The numerous small elevations on the surface of the tongue that support taste buds are called: | Papillae |
| The most essential part of bile is: | Bile salts |
| Phagocytic cells lining liver sinusoids are called ____ cells. | Kupffer |
| CCK is an intestinal hormone that | Causes the pancreas to increase secretion of exocrine high in enzymatic content, opposes the influence of gastrin on gastric parietal cells, stimulates contraction of the gallbladder so that bile can pass into the duodenum. |
| The process of deglutition includes all of the following except the ___ stage. | Laryngeal |
| The chemical process in which a compound unites with water and then splits into simpler compounds is called | Hydrolysis |
| Fats and other nutrients in the duodenum stimulate the intestinal mucosa to release a hormone called | Gastric inhibitory peptide |
| Stimulation of gastric juice secretion occurs in all of the following phases except the ____ phase | Digestive |
| Saliva contains the enzyme | Amylase |
| Because fats are insoluble in water, they must be | emulsified |
| ____ is the passage of substances through the intestinal mucosa into the blood or lymph | Absorption |
| What percentage of this blood flow comes from the hepatic portal system? | 80% |
| Peristalsis is regulated in part by the intrinsic stretch reflexes. It is also thought to be stimulated by the hormone | Cholecyctokinin (CCK) |
| The wave-like ripple of the muscle layer of the GI tract is called | Peristalsis |
| Pepsinogen is converted to pepsin by hydrochloric acid, which is produced by the ____ of the gastric glands | Parietal cells |
| The act of expelling feces is called | Defecation |
| The final step in lipid transport by the intestines is the formation of | Chylomicrons |
| During which stage of swallowing is there a risk of food entering respiratory pathways? | Oropharyngeal |
| The ejection of bile from the gallbladder is controlled by which hormones? | CCK and secretin |
| Chemical digestion requires the secretion of ____ into the lumen of the GI tract | Digestive enzymes and bile |
| Which phase(s) of gastric secretion is(are) stimulated by the sight, taste, and smell of food? | Cephalic phase |
| Bicarbonates are useful in the GI tract to: | Neutralize hydrochloric acid |
| The enterogastric reflex causes: | Inhibition of gastric peristalsis |
| The hormone that stimulates the gallbladder to release bile is: | Cholecystokinin |
| Polysaccharides are hydrolyzed into disaccharides by enzymes known as: | Amylase |
| The substances absorbed into the lymph capillaries are: | Glycerol and fatty acids |
| Glucose moves from the GI tract into the circulatory system by the process of: | Cotransport |
| The process of swallowing is known as: | Deglutition |
| The hormone that stimulates the release of bicarbonate substance from the pancreas is | secretin |
| Which step of deglutition is under voluntary control? | Oral stage |
| The sodium cotransport or coupled transport acts to transport sodium ions and glucose molecules ____ the GI lumen | Passively out of |
| Which of the following is not true of enzymes? | They change chemically and are in the end products of the reaction |
| Hydrolysis refers to: | Using water to split larger compounds into smaller ones |
| The final product of carbohydrate digestion is a: | Monosaccharide |
| The process of fat emulsification consists of: | Breaking fats into small droplets |
| The hormone that inhibits gastric muscle, slowing passage of food into the duodenum, is called: | Gastric inhibitory peptide |
| Which of the processes of mechanical digestion involves the esophagus? | Deglutition and peristalsis |
| Which of the following is not one of the openings that must be blocked when food moves from the pharynx into the esophagus? | Oropharynx |
| Which blood vessel carries absorbed food from the GI tract to the liver? | Portal vein |
| When classified according to the kind of chemical reactions catalyzed, digestive enzymes are referred to as ____ enzymes. | Hydrolyzing |
| Rotavirus can cause what life-threatening condition in infants? | Diarrhea |
| An end product of fat digestion is: | Glycerol |
| The major site for the absorption of the end products of digestion is the: | Small intestine |
| The purpose of peristalsis is to: | Propel food forward along the GI tract |
| The hormone thought to be a messenger causing release of digestive enzymes from the intestinal mucosa is: | Vasoactive intestinal peptide |
| Which of the following is a disaccharide? | Sucrose |
| Which of these is not an example of mechanical digestion? | Moistening the food |
| The enzyme pepsin begins the digestion of: | protein |
| The intestinal hormone cholecystokinin: | Causes the pancreas to increase exocrine secretions high in enzyme content, opposed the influence of gastrin parietal cells, and stimulates the contraction of the gallbladder. |
| Cellulose is a residue of digestion that comes from: | Carbohydrates |
Created by:
Dukester
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