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N103 test 2 (GRCC)

N103 test 2 (GRCC) : Perioptive

QuestionAnswer
Define the perioperative care period Entire process: Pre-Op, Inter-Op, Post-Op
Pre-operative period Care of client before surgery
Intra-operative care What happens during surgery.
Post-Operative What happens after surgery
Classification of diagnostic surgery Determines severity of situation (i.e. biopsy)
Classification of curative surgery Cures health problems
Classification of palliative surgery No cure but relieves symptoms
Classification of cosmetic surgery Improves physical appearance
Classification of preventative surgery Prevents a more serious problems from developing.
Classification of an elective surgery Surgery is done that is convenient for the client or surgeon. It doesn't have to be done at a certain time.
Classification of emergency surgery Must be done to save clients life.
Classification of Inpatient surgery client begins recovery in hospital. client stays in hospital after surgery.
Classification of outpatient surgery Client has surgery @ hospital, doctors offices, etc and are discharged if they are stable. Usually stated pre-surgery as they may end up in the hospital.
Pre-Operative From the time surgery is decided till the actual surgery varies; emergency patients who need surgery have short pre-op period- know less of what is going to happen as there is usually no time to explain. No set time length.
Inter-op No set time length, it can be long.
Post-op No set time period of how long it will take for patient to recover.
Patients responsibility It's up to the patient to make all the appointments.
Pre-op assessment looks at the following Age, Tobboco/ETOH, medications, previous surgeries and hospitalizations, allergies, vital signs, respiratory-lung sounds, elimination, nutrition, coping/stress.
Pre-op assessment; Age Risk factor related to age. (i.e. elderly people increase risk of infection).
Pro-op assessment:tobacco/ETOH (alcohol) Risk factors related to tobacco and alcohol. Surgeons may ask patients to quit smoking to proceed, and if they don't quit smoking, then surgery may be canceled.
Pre-op assessment: medications When patient goes to surgery- all meds they take need to be ordered.
Pre-op assessment: previous surgeries and hospitalizations Learn how familiar patient is with surgery.
Anesthesiologist know certain reactions with different drugs and they need to know what patient takes so that they know to give them to avoid bad interactions. Pre-op assessment: medications
Prevent drug interactions. Pre-op assessment: medications
Patients need to stop taking certain drug at least one week prior to surgery. (i.e. aspirin, coumadin, etc) Pre-op assessment: medications
Pre-op assesment: Allergies Prevent allergic reactions to drugs and anesthesia given to patient. May be allergic to betadine, contrast solution, dressing allergy, latex allergy, etc.
Pre-Op assessment: Elimination Anesthesia cause constipation- will it be a problem if patient has problems with constipation.
Pre-Op assesment: Nutrition Obese people can have malnutrition. More lipids take forever to heal.
Pre-OP assessment: coping/stress Teaching what can happen in surgery will help decrease patients anxiety.
Common nursing dx and client goals as it is related to surgery/pre-op: Knowledge Deficit Demonstrate, explain, show how and what will happen throughout surgery process to help decrease anxiety.
Common nursing dx and client goals as it is related to surgery/pre-op: Anxiety Explanations that is given to patient will help decrease anxiety.
Common nursing dx and client goals as it is related to surgery/pre-op:Sleep pattern disturbance Example, patient may have 6 weeks advance notice of surgery. The waiting & anticipation may cause anxiety.
Common nursing dx and client goals as it is related to surgery/pre-op: Ineffective coping Within family, over-extended, things aren't getting done causing pt stress.
Common nursing dx and client goals as it is related to surgery/pre-op:Client Goals Demonstrate why the patient needs surgery and how it is going to help them.
Client teach Pre-op: Preventative measures post-op Explaining what will happen decreases post-op complications as a result of knowledge deficit.
Is it proper protocol for a doctor to explains surgery procedure to his patient and then asks him to sign an informed consent form. It is improper for the doctor to obtain a signature for the informed consent form. As this is a form of coercion.
What are expectation of doctor when discussing surgery with a patient? Surgeon has to explain what patient needs to be done. (ex. gall bladder need to be removed because, discuss different surgeries, what happens, etc).
Informed consent Patient can't sign informed consent with a doctor, it has to be signed with a witness such as a nurse or whoever is setting them the day of the surgery.
Nurse is a patients advocate Not all patients are competent (ex. elderly) - if nurse has doubts about how much the patient knows of the surgery, then they should contact the surgeon.
Informed consent - when patient signs. Document explaining surgical procedure- by signing document, patient understands what they are getting themselves into.
Informed consent- Who signs? Client and a witness such as a nurse or hospital tech...(anyone but the surgeon)
Diagnosis test (pre-surgery) common tasks done before surgery, such as lab work (CBC, Electrolytes, chem 7, chem 12, etc)
CBC test - Diagnosis test that may be ordered before surgery. Looks at the number of platelets
Electrolytes - Diagnosis test that may be ordered before surgery. Looks at the Potassium & sodium level.
Chem 7 test - Diagnosis test that may be ordered before surgery. is a group (such as BUN & creatinine level) of blood tests that provides information about your body's metabolism. Abnormal results can indicate such things as kidney failure.
Chem 12 test- Diagnosis test that may be ordered before surgery. Frequently ordered panel of tests that gives doctor important information about the current status of your kidneys, liver, and electrolyte and acid/base balance as well as of your blood sugar and blood proteins.
Coagulation Studies- Diagnosis test that may be ordered before surgery. Test shows how quickly blood clots. This group of tests is known as a coagulation study, individually these tests are commonly referred to as a PT (Prothrombin Time), PTT(Partial Thromboplastin Time), and INR (International Normalized Ratio)
Blood Sugar - Diagnosis test that may be ordered before surgery. Measures the amount of sugar in the blood.
X-ray, CT, MRI, Ultrasounds - Diagnosis test that may be ordered before surgery.
EKG - Diagnosis test that may be ordered before surgery. Usually done on patients over 40.
Urine tests - Diagnosis test that may be ordered before surgery. Usually done on females during child bearing age.
Make sure doctors fax pt history, the last physical by internist or general pa Example of pre-op interventions
Patient history has to be documented in chart. Example of pre-op interventions
Make sure all test results are in clients file Example of pre-op interventions
Make sure client is NPO for at least 6-8 hours before surgery (only exception is local anesthetics) Example of pre-op interventions
If any pre-op meds ordered, given and documented as they were ordered usually done by anesthesiologist orders medicine Example of pre-op interventions
Shave usually happens in surgery room before surgery while pt is under anesthesia. Example of pre-op interventions
Enema is done 2 hours before surgery or go-lytly may be given to make sure colon is clean. Example of pre-op interventions
Go-lytly Replaces electrolytes as a result of diarrhea.
NG tube or catherterization are done after patient is under anesthesia. Example of pre-op interventions
Patient needs to remove all jewelry - put tape over ring (if ring doesn't come off) Example of pre-op interventions
Remove glasses and watches Example of pre-op interventions
Exceptions can be made for patient to bring items to surgery such as stuffed animal. Example of pre-op interventions
Make sure patient empties bladder want to prevent over distension. Example of pre-op interventions
Depending on hospital policy, may need to remove dentures. Example of pre-op interventions
Client Teaching related to insertion of tubes Client should understand (IV, Foley, O2, NG tube)
Lasts from the time the patient enters the operating room to when the surgery is complete and the patient goes to the recovery room. Interaoperative Care
A surgical team that takes special care of patient to ensure that no complications arise. Interaoperative Care Team
Interoperative care team member: Surgeon Responsible for ALL judgments related to client care.
Which member of the interoperative team can decide to change procedure after opening up a patient? The Surgeon
T or F. There can be more than one surgeon as part of the interoperative team? True. Sometimes there will be another surgeon at an equal level as the other surgeon.
Interoperative care team member: First Assist This individual helps the surgeon(s) with surgical procedures.
Which member of the interoperative team can be first assist? Surgical med students, or med students, nurses, technician or PA.
Interoperative care team member: Anesthesiologist A doctor who administers anesthesia and meds to a patient while in surgery.
CRNA Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist-are anesthesia professionals who safely administer anesthetics to patients
Interoperative care team member: Holding Area Nurse Must be an RN who greets patient, checks pt chart, asks pt what surgery they're having, assess anxiety level, & call anesthesiologists letting them know pt is in holding area.
Which interoperative care team member ID's patient, looks at name band, verify and ID everything to make sure right surgery, right pt? Holding Area Nurse
Interoperative care team member: Circulating nurse must be RN only? T or F T. This nurse must be RN only.
Sets up sterile OR room. Interoperative care team member: Circulating nurse
Responsible for cathetrization. Interoperative care team member: Circulating nurse
Responsible for positioning and documenting position in which patient is placed. Interoperative care team member: Circulating nurse
Helps anesthesiologist Interoperative care team member: Circulating nurse
obtains tissue specimen from sterile area, labels it, and gets to lab ASAP. Interoperative care team member: Circulating nurse
Communicates with anything going outside of room. Interoperative care team member: Circulating nurse
Watch for sterile techniques. Interoperative care team member: Circulating nurse
Interoperative care team member: Scrub Nurse Sets up sterile fields and hands instruments/equipment to surgeon (hand assist)
Interoperative care team member: Scrub nurse could be an LPN in some hospitals? T or F True.
Interoperative care team member: Scrub Nurses could also be OR techs or scrub techs). T or F True.
Anesthesia Artificially induces state of partial or total loss of sensation , occurring with or without LOC.
Who decides what type of anesthesia is given to a patient? Anesthesiologist.
Surgery type and duration of a procedure is irrelevant determining factor in how anesthesiologists select an anesthesia. False. Type and duration drives the decision in which anesthetic to use to determine the type of anesthesia to give.
Determining factor used by anesthesiologist in selecting appropriate anesthesia. Emergency: This is factored in if procedure is an emergency.
Determining factor used by anesthesiologist in selecting appropriate anesthesia. Last time food was eaten: This is factored in when selecting the type of anesthesia to administer.
Determining factor used by anesthesiologist in selecting appropriate anesthesia. Body area that is being operated on: This is factored in when selecting the type of anesthesia to administer.
A joint replacement, surgery on fractured hips, etc are examples of factors used by the anesthesiologist on which type of anesthesia to administer to a client. T or F True. The body area that is being operated on is factored into this decision. (i.e. Spinal anesthesia numbs the lower extremity and is appropriate for surgical procedures in those areas)
Methods to ensure client safety during interoperative care. Traffic flow is controlled w/four zones. 1. Holding area 2. Clean area 3. Dirty area 4. Sterile area
Traffic flow control zone one: Holding area Family members are okay, street clothes are ok.
Traffic flow control zone one: Clean area Sterile area begins. No family allowed, no street clothes.
Traffic flow control zone one: Dirty area Surgical scrub, using a sponge or brush and antimicrobial soap;remove dirt/oil & microorganisms from hands and forearm...do this until "surgically clean".
Traffic flow control zone one: Sterile area Within OR; Personal are required to masks, caps, gloves, sterile gowns, etc.
T or F. A method to enusre client safety is to scrub 10 minutes for first surgeries, and then scrub 3 minutes between cases. True.
Surgical scrubs are required because they are considered sterile. Method to ensure client safety during interoperative care.
10 minute handwash and then 3 minute wash between cases. Method to ensure client safety during interoperative care
Remove jewelry (rings, etc) can't be worn by any surgical staff. Method to ensure client safety during interoperative care
Patient covered with sterile drapes. Method to ensure client safety during interoperative care
Patient must be identified. Method to ensure client safety during interoperative care
Patient identified the site of the surgery. This is done with anesthesia. Method to ensure client safety during interoperative care
Surgeon identified the site of surgery. Method to ensure client safety during interoperative care
Patient positioning is done by the circulating nurse- and must be documented. Method to ensure client safety during interoperative care
Sponge and instrument counts before used, as they are thrown away, and maybe counted a third time by circulating nurse and surgery tech. Reasons for OR protocols during the interoperative care.
Reasons for OR protocols during the interoperative care. Scrubbing, maintaining sterile field, counting instruments and sponges are all done for patient safety.
Pre-op assessment; vital signs Assess for abnormalities with temp, pulse rate, respiration rate, Blood pressure.
Pre-op assessment; previous surgeries and hospitalizations Determine patient familiarity with surgery. If pt had previous surgeries, its good to know their experience or complications.
Malignant hypothermia: Can be prevented if caught during Pre-op assessment. This condition is a result of combination of anesthesia given to patient who lacks enzymes, resulting temp to increase- high temp will likely cause death if not dx in time.
Malignant hypothermia: preventative measures Give patient dantrum pre-surgery.
Pre-op assessment; respiratory-lung sounds. Patient has to be able to breath out anesthesia.
General anestesia Reversable unconcious state characterized by amnesia (no recollection), analgesic (no pain), depression of reflexes, muscle relaxation & homeostasis.
Anestesiologist usually give a combination of drugs. they may start out with versed, then follow up with a barbituate, then inhalation anesthetics.
What happeneds toward the end of surgery Patient will be awaken with in five minutes or longer
Regional anestesia Reversable;loss of sensation in a specific area or region of the body.
Local anestesia Is injected pursposely to block or to anethesitize nerve block.
Spinal, epidural, cottal anesthesia Examples of regional anesthesia.
Femoral block Numbs groin to leg.
Brachial block Numbs arm.
Conscious sedation Drug induced depression of consciousness during which patients can respond to verbal commands. Fairly light to deep sedation.
During Conscions sedation patient can respond to verbal commands, will have no recollection of what happened during surgery. Patient can maintain airway and vital signs remain stable.
Local anestesia uses It is used for pain.
Monitor anesthesia similar to conscious sedation except it is fairly deep type of sedation
Regional block Surgery with regional block are used for hemaroid surgeries.
Balance anesthesia patient vital signs remain normal and multiple drugs are used.
Adjunct meds used during surgery and usually start in the holding area. T or F T. Adjunct meds are given in holding area to help reduce anxiety. Benzodiazepines may be given up to an hour before surgery by an anesthesiologist.
Benzodiazepines - preanesthetic drugs aka versed. This is generally administered in the holding area to help with anxiety. It causes perioperative amnesia.
T or F. After the surgery it isn't required to give pain meds (opiods) to a patient. True. Patient may not need pain meds at that time.
Muscarinic antagonists - preanesthetic drugs Anticholinergics drugs used preoperatively to dry secretions and reduce suction during surgery.
Heparin - pre-anesthetic drugs Mini-dose given subq 1/2 hour before surgery. It helps to prevent blood clots.
Other Pre-ansethetic drugs Atropine (reduces secretions of respiratory tract) and robinul (reduces gastric secretions)& sometimes an antibiotic.
During balanced general anesthesia Neuro muscular blocking agents are given and they totally paralyze the patient.
During balanced general anesthesia, patient has a known history of nausea To prevent nausea, the anesthesiologist will give an IV push of anti-emetic drugs 10 minutes before surgery is over.
Nursing dx pertinent during OR : High risk for injury Patient is unable to tell what is happening if they are having an allergic reaction.
Nursing dx pertinent during OR : High risk for injury High risks due to adverse affects of anesthesia, interop positions, immobilization causing skin breakdown.
Nursing dx pertinent during OR : Impaired skin integrity Related to pressure due to immobility from the surgery itself.
Impaired Tissue integrity Nursing dx pertinent during OR
Fluid volume defecit Nursing dx pertinent during OR
High risk for infection Nursing dx pertinent during OR
Fear Nursing dx pertinent during OR
Nursing dx pertinent during OR : powerlessness Powerlessness my happen in Pre-op while in OR suite. This is why anesthesia is given before surgery to help avoid such feelings.
PACU Post Anesthesia Care Unit- Anesthesiologists are responsible for patient as they wake up.
PACU Scrubs only, family is not allowed while patient is waking up.
While in PACU, patients will not show anxiety even if they were anxious before the surgery. False. A pt who is anxious before hand, may be anxious after surgery.
During PACU the anesthesiologist monitors respiratory True. In order to get rid of the anesthesia in the system, patient needs to breath out.
During PACU, it is common for patients to be flexible and feel really good. False. Patients may be stiff and achy following a surgery because of the length of time being on the table.
During PACU it is observed that different people have different reactions to anesthesia. True. Some people wake up slower than others, some may vomit.
During PACU the anesthesiolgist is only looking at the effects of drugs and nothing else. False. They observe to see if patient has regained joint and limb mobility
During PACU, patients need to know english to understand instruction. False. It is important to know patients primary language, and if needed, obtain a translator to help with instructions, such as taking deep breaths.
During PACU, if the patient can't hear or has visual problems, then too bad. False. It is good to know if the patient has hearing or visual problems so that the anesthesiologist can use alternative methods of communication.
During PACU, patient is held there to look for complications or expected outcomes. True. i.e. the surgery took longer than expected due to complications, and it may not be unusual to see blood in urine as result. It would be unusual if surgery happened without a hitch.
Post-op care- nursing assessment/intervention while in PACU Stable VS, Pulse ox, temp- Check every 15 minutes, make sure pt is maintaining airway.
Post-op care: overt bleeding observe if bleeding is visible, or JP drain is filling up too quickly. it is normal to see blood, but if the dressing is soaked with blood, notify surgeon.
During post op care, nurse should check dressing & drains every 5, 10, 15, 20 minutes? Check dressing and drains every 15 minutes.
During post op care- nurse observe dressing is saturated and should replace it immediately. False. The nurse must notify doctor if dressing is saturated.
During post op care, nurse observes that the drainage container is not filling up. Is this a problem. No, this is normal. Drainage container should not be filled. Something is not right if it fills up too quickly.
serosanguineous drainage Sero = Clear sanguineous = bloody. Clear bloody drainage and should not be clotting.
Purpose of serosanguineous drainage Surgeons preference to allow wound healing at the deepest part of the incision.
Post op care- why is it important for the return of gag reflexes? Will have suction until they can swallow.
During post op care a patient is snoring, and the nurse walks away knowing its okay since this patient has a history of snoring. False. Could mean the patient has partial airway obstruction. Tilt head back and lift chin to clear the airway.
Nurse observes a patient is gurgling. Pt needs to be suctioned.
During post op, the nurse should count respiration's to see how well lung is functioning. True...nurse is looking for airway patency and should instruct pt to take deep breaths the help increase pulse ox.
During post op, the nurse checks for peripheral circulation. nurse looks at cap refill of finger and toes. The temp of either extremities should be warm to the touch, especially if they had leg or arm surgery.
During post op, the nurse looks at fluid volume. In PACU, IV rates established with pumps- the PCA pump is set up in PACU.
During post op, the nurse should check LOC Nurse observes if the patient is awake and alert, can they take deep breaths, and whether or not their LOC is increased.
During post op, while the pt is in PACU, anesthesiologists orders pain meds Anesthesiologist makes sure pt is breathing well on their own, if patient is sleeping, then there is no sense to order pain meds.
During post op in PACU, vomiting and nausea. Knowing which meds to give pt will help with this condition.
Common nursing diagnosis : Fluid volume defecit Vomiting and nausea prevents patients from taking in adequate fluid and food..may prevent them from getting treatment such as heparin- can't get this until the nausea is gone.
Common nursing dx: Constipation R/T meds, anesthesia, immobility. Are usually given a stool softner 2 x per day till discharge. Tell them how to avoid constipation.
Common nursing dx: Knowledge defecit Patient needs to know side effect of pain meds. R/T peri-op period or post-op home care.
Nursing assess/interventions to prevent complications: Respiratory exercises Cough and deep breath.
Nursing assess/interventions to prevent complications: suction Nurse assess what drainage looks like, how much is in it, etc.
Nursing assess/interventions to prevent complications: dressings Dressing changes need to be done. Avoid oinments as they prevent airflow.
Nursing assess/interventions to prevent complications: measure drainage Document the amount of drainage.
Nursing assess/interventions to prevent complications: administer analgesia Nurse should administer pain meds prn.
Nursing assess/interventions to prevent complications:Client and family teaching Before pt goes home, pt and family need to be taught how and what to do in order to provide proper care at home.
Nursing assess/interventions to prevent complications: Client and family teaching Prevention of infection
Nursing assess/interventions to prevent complications: Client and family teaching Advise pt not to swim, sit in hot tubs or get the bandage wet as this increases the chance of infection.
Nursing assess/interventions to prevent complications: Client and family teaching Family should replace dressing after shower don't put ointments/cream unless prescribed
Nursing assess/interventions to prevent complications: Client and family teaching Family should report signs such as color change, discharge, etc from wound
Nursing assess/interventions to prevent complications: Client and family teaching Pt diet should have increased fiber (pain meds cause constipation)vegetables, fruits (especially apples, pears with skin on).
Apple cider & bran flakes Nurse can advise pt to drink & eat this because it helps with constipation.
Nursing assess/interventions to prevent complications: Client and family teaching pt and family should be taught about drugs and advise them to stay away from tylenol, because a lot of pain meds contain tylenol.
Nursing assess/interventions to prevent complications: Client and family teaching Advise pt not drive, sign or make legal decisions.
Post op meds: Stool softeners These are ordered to help return GI function
Most common stool softener given postop Colace. This is most commonly given to pt post surgery. It's a stool softener & laxative. mixes fat & water in stool. Helpful for recent rectal surgery, people w/ heart problems, high BP, hemorrhoids, hernias, women who've had babies.
2nd most common stool softener given postop Peri-colace. It contains senna or sennacide. a stool softener plus a stimulant laxative
3 common stool softner given post op(if colace and peri colace aren't effective) Saline laxatives, such as milk of magnesia. Pulls fluid into digestive track and it takes about 8 hours to work. Usually people take this at bedtime and in the morning they poop.
4th common stool softener given post op if colace, peri colace and saline laxatives won't be effective) Dulcolax suppository. It is a stimulant given prn for people with incisions- causes contractions in rectal area. only works on the rectal area.
5th common stool softener given post-op - but is rarely used. Fleets enema is done prn
6th common stool softener given post op Bulk laxatives such as metamucil. These are usually given to elderly people. the disadvantage is that it takes days to work and because of this is not used post op
Nursing responsibilities for post op meds Pt may need to take vitamins such as iron, calcium that is ordered by the physician. it all depends on surgery and the doctor.
Theragan M Most common multi-vitamin w/ minerals. Mainly given to elderly people.
Nursing responsibilities for post op meds is to see if pt needs heparin Heparin is ordered to prevent blood clots (DVT's) and are given subq.
Aspirin vs. Heparin Some doctors avoid heparin and will only prescibe aspirin. To prevent blood clots in legs and arms, pt needs to be given either 81 mg or 325mg.
Nursing responsibilities for post op meds is to see if pt needs antibiotics Antibiotics are given to those with drains and may need to take them till drain is improved. Some pts are given antibiotics upon d/c
Nursing responsibilities for post op meds is to see if pt needs muscle relaxants If ordered, nurses will administer to patients who've had neuro surgery
Nursing responsibilities for post op meds is to see if pt needs antispasmatice These are usually given for patient who've had urinary surgery.
Nursing responsibilities for post op meds is to see if pt needs hormones Usually given to pts who've had a hysterectomy.
Nursing responsibilities for post op meds is to see if pt needs GI drugs Given to patients who've had GI surgery.
Nursing responsibilites for post op meds related to narcotics. Need to know pain level, location and type of pain.
What does a nurse to know to determine appropriate intervention of what pain meds to give? Level, location, type of pain, and count respirations. Knowing this info will help the nurse now how many meds to give pt, and how much they've had already.
Post-op pain mgmt: PRN pain meds Come in either combination, inject or oral.
Post-op pain mgmt: PRN pain meds advantage Pt doesn't get over-medicated &/or patient doesn't want or need them.
Post-op pain mgmt: PRN pain meds disadvantages Pt doesn't get instant relief, pain will build up to intolerable levels - if it goes to high ten pain meds may not be effective & pt still have pain.
Patient controlled analgesic; narcotic is at bedside and dose is controlled by pt Post-op pain mgmt: PCA Pump
Post-op pain mgmt: PCA pump advantages Pain relief is immeadiate, pt controlled, pt's tend to use less overall narcotics, and pt has better pain relief.
Post-op pain mgmt: PCA pumps disadvantage Pt has to be physically and mentally able to push pca button; it always IV, and while on PCA, pt can't have oral, even if they need it.
Post-op pain mgmt: PCA pumps disadvantage Dosage is limited in quantity; doc determines how much and how many doses pt can have- result may ineffective pain relief.
Post-op pain mgmt: PCA pumps disadvantage Pt has to be hooked up to an IV; all the tubes make it hard for pt to move around
Post-op pain mgmt: PCA pumps disadvantage More record keeping for the nurse.
Post-op pain mgmt: PCA pumps disadvantage Pt needs to be taught how to use it, and may need reminder on how to use it.
Catheter placed in back and numbs specific area; done by an anesthesiologist. Post-op pain mgmt: Epidural
Post-op pain mgmt: Epidural Depending on facility, some nurses can inject pain meds into cath- while only anesthesiologists can do this at other facilities.
Post-op pain mgmt: Epidural/pain pumps advantages Pain pump is used frequently by outpatient surgery. Catheter is used to provide controlled amount of anesthetic which sits deep into the incision.
Post-op pain mgmt: Epidural/pain pumps disadvantage if not handled properly. This is a temporary device and should be removed within 48-72 hours- but not more than 5 days as pt risks getting an infection.
Post-op pain mgmt: Epidural/pain pumps advantage This device numbs area.
Post-op pain mgmt: Epidural/pain pumps disadvantage Installing this is an invasive procedure and there is an increase risks and complications.
Post-op pain mgmt: Epidural/pain pumps disadvantage Limits pt mobility and decreased ability to control pain.
Created by: Wends1984
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