Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
GU Test - Med Surg
Palestine LVN - GU Test - Med Surg
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| UTI - What is it? | Invasion of Urinary Tract by bacteria. Almost always caused by an ascending infection, startingat the external urinary meatus and progressing toward the bladder and kidneys. |
| Who do UTIs effect and why? | Women > Men; Older men do to enlarged prostate; older women due to declining estrogen; |
| What bacteria causes the majority of UTIs? | Escherichia coli; which is commonly found in stool. |
| What are the predisposing factors of UTIs? | Stasis of urine; contamination of perineal/ urethral area (sexual intercourse or infection in the area); instrumentation (having instruments or tubes inserted into the urinary meatus); Reflux of urine from urethra to bladder; Previous UTIs |
| UTI S/S? | Dysuria; urgency; frequency; cloudy, foul-smelling urine; flank pain; pyrexia; clills; costovertebral tenderness; urine is + for nitrates; elevated WBCs; increased neutrophils; UA culture has 100,000+ bacteria |
| What is urethritis? | Inflammation of urethra. |
| What is cystitis (Also called Honeymoon cystitis)? | Inflammation/ infection of bladder wall. |
| What is Pyelonephritis? | Infection of the kidneys. ( More serious) |
| UTI nursing care? | Monitor symptoms; monitor I&O; pain control; Teaching: take all of antibiotics; prevention |
| Who most commonly gets Bladder Cancer? | Most common urinary tract cancer! Men (Caucasion) > women; Ages 50-70 |
| What is the etiology of Bladder Cancer? | cigarette smoking & industrial pollutants; it may also arise from the prostate, colon, and rectum in males and the lower reproductive tract in women |
| What are the early signs of Bladder Cancer? | intermittent, painless hematuria |
| What are the late signs of Bladder Cancer? | Frank hematuria, bladder irritability, urinary retention from clots obstructing the urethra, and fistula formation, pelvic pain, pain in the lower back, painful urination,changes in bladder habits, and inability to void |
| Diagnostic tests for Bladder Cancer? | UA (Telomerase), Urine for Bytology (Culture), Cystoscopy and Transurethral Biopsy, (IVP) Intravenous pyelogram |
| What are the therapeutic interventions for Bladder Cancer? | Chemotherapy, Bacille Calmette-Guerin Vaccine, Photodynamic Therapy, Cystoscopy & Pyelogram with Fulgeration, Laser, Robotic Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy, Urinary Diversion, Continent or Incontinent Urinary Diversion, Othotopic Bladder Substitution |
| What nursing management is needed for a nephrectomy? | Observe for onset of bleeding and any signs of hypovolemic shock; urine output, changes in urine amt. and color, bleeding, and signs of infection, assess for SOB or diminished breath sounds on affected side |
| What is an ileal conduit? | the surgical anastomosis of the ureters to one end of a detached segment of ileum, the other end being used to form a stoma on the abdominal wall. |
| What is a renal calculi? | Kidney stones are solid accumulations of material that form in the tubal system of the kidney. |
| What is the etiology of renal calculi? | Urinary salts settle out; calcium oxalate most common |
| What is the etiology of renal calculi (kidney stones)? | etiology Heredity, Chronic, Dehydration, Infection, Immobility, Men >Women |
| What are the Signs and Symptoms of renal caluli? | Flank Pain, Renal Colic, Dysuria,Costovertebral Tenderness, Hematuria, Frequency, Urgency, Enuresis, GI Upset |
| What diagnostic tests are used to diagnose renal calculi? | Kidney-Ureter-Bladder X-Ray, intravenousPyelogram (IVP), Renal Ultrasound, Urinalysis |
| What are the therapeutic interventions for renal calculi? | Small Stones Passed,IV Fluids, Pain Control, Thiazide Diuretics, Allopurinol, Lithotripsy |
| What are the names of the surgeries used to treat renal calculi? | Cystoscopy, Cystolitholapaxy, Cystotomy, Ureterolithotomy, Nephrolithotomy (Nephrostomy Tube) |
| How can renal calculi be prevented? | Foods (pg 785 Med Surg), Hydration (3000mL or 13 cups of H2O/ day), Exercise |
| What are the complications of renal calculi? | Shock, sepsis, Hydronephrosis, Hydroureter, Renal failure, UTIs |
| What is Acute Renal Failure (ARF)? | Renal failure of sudden onset, such as from physical trauma, infection, inflammation, or toxicity. |
| What are the symptoms of ARF? | Uremia and usually oliguria or anuria, with hyperkalemia and pulmonary edema |
| Causes of ARF? | Prerenal Failure(Decreased Blood Supply to Kidneys), Intrarenal Failure(Damage to Nephrons), Postrenal Failure(Obstruction), Nephrotoxins, Diagnostic Contrast Media (Dyes), Medications and Chemicals |
| What are some nephrotoxic drugs? | IV Aminoglycosides, Tobramycin (Tobrex), Amikacin (Amikin), Cisplatin(Platinol) |
| How do pts prevent ARF? | Check serum BUN and creatinine prior to dyes or meds; Hydrate before/after contrast media; and Monitor peak/trough levels of nephrotoxic drugs per institutional policy |
| What are the therapeutic interventions for ARF? | Treat Cause, Supportive Treatment Dialysis, and Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy |
| What is Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy? | Removes Fluid Continuously Along with Hemodialysis; Remove Fluid/Solutes in Controlled, Continuous Manner in Unstable Patients; Blood Flows Through Hemofilter, Excess Fluids/Solutes Move into Collection Bag |
| What is CRF (Chronic Renal Failure)? | gradual loss of kidney function, with progressively more severe renal insufficiency until the stage called chronic irreversible kidney failure or end-stage renal disease. |
| What is the etiology of CRF? | Diabetic Nephropathy, Nephrosclerosis, Glomerulonephritis, Autoimmune Diseases |
| What is the pathophysiology of CRF? | Large Proportion of Nephrons Damaged, Progressive, Renal Insufficiency: 75% of Nephrons Lost, End-stage: 90% of Nephrons Lost, Uremia: Urea in the Blood, Affects All Body Systems |
| What are the symptoms of CRF? | Fluid Accumulation, Electrolyte Imbalances, Waste Products Retained, Acid-base Imbalances, Anemia, polyuria, anorexia or nausea, dehydration, and neurologic symptoms |
| What kind of diet would a Renal Failure pt be on? | High Calorie, Low Protein (Unless Dialysis),Low Sodium, Potassium, Phosphorus, Increased Calcium, Vitamins, Fluid Restriction |
| What kind of meds would a Renal Failure pt be on? | Diuretics, Antihypertensives, Phosphate Binders, Calcium/Vitamin D Supplements, Kayexalate prn |
| When is dialysis started? | When the pt develops symptoms of severe fluid overload, high potassium levels, acidosis, pericarditis, vomiting, lethargy, fatigue, or symptoms of uremia that are life threatening. |
| What is hemodialysis? | A method of mechanically cleansing the blood outside of the body, in order to remove various substances that would normally be cleared by the kidneys. Hemodialysis is used when an individual is in relative, or complete, kidney failure. |
| Know vascular access and its care reguarding dialysis. | Temporary, LifeSite Hemodialysis Access System, A-V Graft, A-V Fistula (starts on pg 801 med surg);Vascular Access Care: Thrill, Bruit, Protect, Postop, NV Checks, Pain (Elevate Extremity) |
| What are some therapeutic interventions for CRF? | Hemodialysis, Peritoneal dialysis (Continuous Dialysis Done by Patient, Peritoneal Catheter, Exchange Process: Fill, Dwell Time, Drain); Kidney Transplant (Living-Related Donor or Cadaver Donor, Antirejection Drugs) |
| What is peritoneal dialysis? | a dialysis procedure performed to correct an imbalance of fluid or of electrolytes in the blood or to remove toxins, drugs, or other wastes normally excreted by the kidney. The peritoneum is used as a diffusible membrane. |
| What is Prostatitis? | An inflammation of the prostate gland, a common condition in adult males. Often caused by Bacterial Infection, Nonbacterial Inflammation. It may develop rapidly (acute) or slowly (chronic). |
| What are the S/S of Prostatitis? | Pain, Urgency, Frequency, Urine Retention, Fever, Chills |
| What tests are done to diagnose Prostatitis? | Digital Rectal Exam, Urine Culture, EPS |
| What is glomerulonephritis? | Inflammatory Disease of the Glomerulus, Glomerulus More Porous; Proteins, WBCs, and RBCs Leak into Urine |
| What are the causes of glomerulonephritis? | Acute Post-streptococcal, Goodpasture’s Syndrome, Chronic Glomerulonephritis |
| What are the symptoms of Glomerulonephritis? | Oliguria, Hypertension, Electrolyte Imbalances, Edema, Flank Pain |
| What tests are used to diagnose Glomerulonephritis? | Urinalysis, Ultrasound, X-Ray, Biopsy |
| What is Polycystic Kidney Disease? | Multiple Cysts in the Kidney (pg. 791 med surg) |
| What are the symptoms of Polycystic Kidney Disease? | Dull Heaviness in Flank/Back, Hematuria, Hypertension, UTI |
| What therapeutic interventions are used for BPH? | Watchful Waiting, Alpha-Adrenergic, Antagonists, Hormone Blockers, TUMA, Surgery |
| What is a transurethral prostatic resection (TURP) | Resection of the prostate by means of an instrument (Resectoscope) passed through the urethra.Wedge resection removal of a triangular mass of tissue. |
| What are the interventions for prostatitis? | Antibiotics, Anti-inflammatory Agents,Stool Softeners, Sitz Baths, Prostatic Massage, Avoid Alcohol and Spicy Foods, Surgery |
| What is a prostatectomy? | surgical removal of part of the prostate gland (transurethral resection, done to relieve urinary symptoms caused by benign enlargement), or all of the prostate (radical prostatectomy, the curative surgery most often used to treat prostate cancer). |
| Tests done to diagnose prostatitis? | Impaired Urinary Elimination, Ineffective Health Maintenance, Impaired Comfort, Anxiety |
| What is epidydimitis? | Epididymitis is inflammation or infection of the epididymis. In this long coiled tube attached to the upper part of each testicle, sperm mature and are stored before ejaculation. |
| What is epidydimitis caused by? | Bacteria, viruses, parasites, chemicals, or trauma (sexual or nonsexual contact, a complication of some urological procedures, or reflux fo urine |
| What are the risk factors of testicular cancer? | Cryptorchidism, Family History, DES Use by Mother, Caucasian, High Socioeconomic Status |
| What are the S/S of testicular cancer? | Early: painless lump, swelling Late: Symptoms of Metastasis |
| What tests are done to diagnose testicular cancer? | Ultrasound, Chest X-Ray, Blood for Tumor Markers, Biopsy, Staging |
| What therapeutic interventions are there for testicular cancer? | Surgery, Radiation, Chemotherapy |
| What is erectile dysfunction? | Is the inability to achieve or maintain an erection long enough to engage in sexual intercourse. |
| What is the pathophysiology/etiology of erectile dysfunction? | Physical: Circulation, Nerve Supply, Hormone Balance, Limbic SystemPsychosocial: Stress, Illness, Fatigue, Alcohol/Drugs |
| What tests are used to diagnose erectile dysfunction? | History, Blood tests (Glucose & Testosterone), Evaluation of Circulation, Psychological Evaluation |
| What are the therapeutic interventions for erectile dysfunction? | Medication Changes, Hormone Therapy, Yohimbine, Intracorporeal Medication (Injection, Transurethral), Medication(Tadalafil, Sildenafil), Devices, Surgery (Implants, Vascular Surgery) |
| What is Cryptorchidism? | A developmental defect in which one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum and are retained in the abdomen or inguinal canal. |
| What is the drug Epogen used for? | Anemia, pts with cancer receiving chemotherapy, pts undergoing elective nonvascular surgery |
| What are the adverse reactions for the drug Epogen? | Hypertension, hypotension, rash, HA, V, N, fatigue, skin reaction at injection site |
| What are the contraindications and precautions with the drug Epogen? | Used with caution in pts with hypertension, Heart disease, congestive heart failure, or history of seizures, pregnancy category C - used cautiously during pregnancy and lactation |
| What is the class of the drug Amphogel? | Acid Neutralizer |
| What are the uses of the drug Amphogel? | Symptomatic relief of peptic ulcer and stomach hyperacidity (heartburn, acid indigestion, sour stomach), hyperphosphatemia, GERD, |
| What are the adverse reactions for the drug Amphogel? | Constipation, bone softening, neurotoxicity |
| What are the contraindications and precautions with the drug Amphogel? | Used causiously in pts with gastric outlet obstruction or those with upper GI bleeding. |
| What is the class of the drug Tums? | Acid Neutralizer |
| What are the uses of the drug Tums? | Symptomatic relief of peptic ulcer and stomach hyperacidity (heartburn, acid indigestion, sour stomach),Calcium deficiencies (osteoporosis) |
| What are the contraindications and precautions with the drug Tums? | Used causiously in pts with renal calculi or hypercalcemia. |
| What is the class of the drug Hytrin? | Alpha-Adrenergic Blocking |
| What are the uses of the drug Hytrin? | Hypertension |
| What are the adverse reactions of the drug Hytrin? | Dizziness, HA, drowsiness, lack of energy, weakness, somnolence, N, palpitations, edema, dyspnea, nasal congestion, sinusitis |
| What is the class of the drug Flomax? | Antiadrenergic Drugs: Peripherally Acting |
| What are the uses of the drug Flomax? | benign prostatic hyperplasia |
| What are the adverse reactions of the drug Flomax? | HA, ejaculatory dysfunction, dizziness, rhinitis |
| What are the contraindications and precautions with the drug Flomax? | Pts with any hypersensitivity to the drugs.(May have adverse reactions when given with these drugs: adrenergic drugs, levodopa, anesthetic agents, B blockers, lithium, haloperidol) |
| What is the class of the drug Mannitol? | Osmotic Diuretic |
| What are the uses of the drug Mannitol? | To promote diuresis in acute renal failure, reduction of IOP, treatment of cerebral edema, irrigation solution in prostate surgical procedures |
| What are the adverse reactions of the drug Mannitol? | Edema, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, HA, blurred vision, N, V, D, urinary retention |
| What are the contraindications and precautions with the drug Mannitol? | Pg 496 Pharm Book |
| What is the class of the drug Spironolactone? | Potassium-sparing diuretic |
| What are the uses of the drug Spironolactone? | Hypertension, edema due to CHF, cirrhosis, renal disease, hypokalemia, prophylaxis of hypokalemia in at-risk pts, hyperaldosteronism |
| What are the adverse reactions of the drug Spironolactone? | HA, diarrhea, drowsiness, lethargy, hyperkalemia, cramping, gastritis, erectile dysfunction, gynecomastia |
| What are the contraindications and precautions with the drug Spironolactone? | Pg 496 Pharm Book |
| What is the class of Fosfomycin? | Anti-Infectives |
| What are the uses of the drug Fosfomycin? | Acute Bacterial UTIs |
| What are the adverse reactions of the drug Fosfomycin? | N, D, Vaginitis, rhinitis, HA, back pain |
| What are the contraindicaions and precautions with the drug Fosfomycin? | Pg 507 Pharm Book |
| What is the class of Nitrofurantoin? | Anti-infective |
| What are the uses of the drug Nitrofurantoin? | Acute bacterial UTIs |
| What are the adverse reactions of the drug Nitrofurantoin? | N, anorexia, peripheral neuropathy, HA, bacterial superinfection |
| What is the class of the drug Pyridium? | Analgesic |
| What are the uses of the drug Pyridium? | Relief of pain assoc. with irritation of the lower genitourinary tract. |
| What are the adverse reactions of the drug Pyridium? | Look up in Drug Book. |
| What is disequilibrium? | Side effect of dialysis probably caused by abnormal water balance in the brain.. HA, changes in LOC, seizures, N, muscle cramps, irratibility, & aggitation |
| What is Steal syndrome? | Distal ischemia due to too much of the arterial blood being stolen from the distal extremity; usually seen postoperatively and may require surgical correction to restore blood flow to the extremity. |
Created by:
miller120304
Popular Nursing sets