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Lifespan Final
Lifespan Final Mod 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Myocardial Infarction | - Death of Heart Muscle - Non STEMI (Partial Block) - STEMI (Complete Block) |
| Myocardial Infarction S&S | - Crushing Pain radiates through arm, shoulder, neck, jaw - Diaphoresis (Sweating) - Dizziness / Fainting - Dyspnea - Nausea - Restlessness - Wheezes / Crackles |
| MI Diagnosis | - ECG - Troponin I & T - Myoglobin - CKMB - CRP - Magnesium / Potassium |
| MI Interventions | - Oxygen - Nitroglycerin (Chest Pain) - Morphine / Aspirin - Thrombolytics - Vasodilators - Nitrates - Beta Blockers - Antiarrhythmics |
| Screening Test for Heart Failure | Serum B - Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) |
| Stable Angina | - Predictable - Chest Pain - Stops w/ Rest - Only during stress or strenuous activities |
| Unstable Angina | - Unpredictable - Pre Medicate before any activities - Can occur at rest or when sleeping - Causes blood clots |
| Hyperkalemia | Too much potassium in the blood (> 5.5 mEq/L) |
| Hyperkalemia S & S | - None until severe - Muscle Pain / Weakness / Numbness - Anxiety / Palpitations - Dysrhythmias - Decreased BP - Decreased Urine Output |
| BUN | 8–21 mg/dL |
| CR | 0.6–1.21 mg/dL |
| Potassium | 3.5–5.0 mEq/L |
| Magnesium | 1.6–2.6 mg/dL |
| Troponin I | <0.05 |
| Troponin T | <0.01 |
| INR (not receiving treatment) | 0.9 - 1.1 |
| INR (receiving treatment) | 2 - 3 |
| WBC | 4.5–11.1 |
| ANC (Absolute Neutrophil Count) | 2.7 - 6.5 |
| Digoxin | 0.5–2 ng/mL |
| Hypertension S & S | - Silent Killer - Headache - Bloody Nose - Severe Anxiety - Shortness of Breath |
| Hypertension Tx | - Lifestyle Modifications - Medications |
| Chlorothiazide | - Increases urine output - Antihypertensive - Diuretic - Treats Hypertension / Heart Failure |
| Aspirin | - NSAID - Anti-inflammatory - Reduces pain, fever and inflammation - inhibit platelet activation |
| Epogen | - Stimulates proliferation of stem cells into red blood cells. - Black box warning for heart disease risk. Monitor blood pressure and hematocrit. |
| Lisinopril (Zestril) | - ACE Inhibitor - Block production of angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor - Reduces peripheral arterial resistance and BP. |
| rosuvastatin (Crestor) | - Statin - First-line drugs to reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by reducing cholesterol synthesis. |
| Doxorubicin (adramycin) | - Antitumor Antibiotics - Damage cells’ deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and the ability to make DNA and ribonucleic acid (RNA). - Should be given through a running intravenous (IV) or a central line if it is a continuous infusion. It turns urine red. |
| Digoxin | Used to treat heart failure and irregular heartbeats. |
| CAD Risk Factors | - Smoking - Obesity - Alcohol - Unhealthy Diet |
| Chronic Venous Insufficiency | - Damaged or aging valves within the veins interfere with blood return to the heart, causing pooling of blood in the lower extremities. - Venous stasis ulcers are the end result |
| DVT | - Deep Vein Thrombosis - Most serious form because pulmonary emboli can result if the thrombus detaches |
| Osteomyelitis | Infection of bone |
| Osteoporosis | - Low bone mass - Prone to fracture - Most Common: Spine, Wrist, Hip - All Bones Affected - Women at greatest risk |
| Osteoporosis S&S | - Back pain - Height decrease - Fracture - Kyphosis |
| Osteoporosis Diagnostic Tests | - Dual Energy X Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) - Serum Calcium, Vitamin D Decreased - Serum Phosphorus - Serum Alkaline phosphate increased |
| Osteoporosis Interventions | - Reduce risk factors - Calcium Supplements - Vitamin D Supplements - Medications |
| Compartment Syndrome | A painful and dangerous condition caused by pressure buildup from internal bleeding or swelling of tissues. |
| Fat Embolism | - Serious complication of fractures - Small fat droplets are released from yellow bone marrow into the bloodstream |
| Fat Embolism S & S | - Gradual onset w/ tachycardia, dyspnea, & cyanosis - Confusion & Drowsiness - Petechial (red, measle-like) rash on the chest, neck, axilla, and conjunctiva |
| Traction w/ Hip Fracture | - Buck traction is skin traction, with 5- to 10-pound (2.2- to 4.5-kg) weights; - Used for patients with hip fractures to relieve muscle spasms. |
| Superior Vena Cava Syndrome - Oncological Emergency | - SVC syndrome happens when blood flow through the superior vena cava is blocked. - SVC is an oncological emergency, which is a serious health problem caused by cancer itself or treatment. |
| TURP Post Op | - Irrigation solution generally flows continuously - Manual irrigation may be done for the first 24 hours to help remove clots and chips, and to maintain catheter patency. - The Foley catheter is removed after the danger of hemorrhage has passed. |
| Testicular Cancer S&S | - Small, usually painless lump on the testicle. - Scrotum is swollen and feels heavy - Some tumors produce hormones that cause breast enlargement and tenderness |
| Testicular Cancer Self Exams | - Gently roll the testicles to feel for abnormalities - Assess veins - Assess skin - Typically occurs between 15-40 |
| PSA Levels | < 4 ng/mL |
| Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) | - Narrow Veins - Elevate Legs V: Voluptuous pulses (warm legs) E: Edema (blood pooling) I: Irregular Shaped Sores N: No sharp or dull pain Y: Yellow & Brown ankles |
| Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) | - Narrow Artery - Allows legs to hang A: Absent pulses (cool legs) R: Round, red sores T: Toes/Feet pale, "Eschar" S: Sharp calf pain (Intermittent claudication) |
| Contact Dermatitis | - Acute/ Chronic - Caused by contact w/ irritant or allergen - Itchy - Not contagious - Shows up within days of exposure |
| Stage 1 Pressure Ulcer | - Skin intact - Red - Does not blanch |
| Stage 2 Pressure Ulcer | - Partial thickness skin loss - Exposed Dermis |
| Stage 3 Pressure Ulcer | - Full thickness skin loss - May have eschar |
| Stage 4 Pressure Ulcer | - Full thickness skin loss - Tissue loss - Damage to muscle, bone, or support structure |
| Prostate Cancer S & S | - Decrease in size/force of stream - Difficulty in starting stream, dribbling, interrupted stream - Urinary retention, overflow incontinence - Nocturia, dysuria, urgency |
| Pulmonary Edema S & S | - Pink, Frothy sputum - Rapid respirations/ crackles/ wheezes - Severe dyspnea, orthopnea (cant lie down) - Anxiety - Cool, clammy skin |
| Orthostatic Hypotension | A form of low blood pressure that happens when standing, after sitting or lying down. |
| Chain of Infection | - Infectious Agent - Reservoir - Portal of exit - Mode of transmission - Portal of entry - Susceptible Host |
| Purpose of blood cultures | - What type of organism - What type of antibiotic most effective - 15 min before giving antibiotic |
| Localized Infections S & S | - Cellulitis - Warm - Red - Raised - Possible fever |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) | - Autoimmune disease, immune system attacks itself. - Widespread inflammation & tissue damage - Can affect joints, skin, brain, lungs, kidneys, blood vessels - No cure; Young Women; African American/Hispanic - Butterfly rash |
| Opportunistic Infections | - Candida Albicans (yeast, thrush) - Cytomegalovirus - Pneumocystis Pneumonia - TB - Kaposi sarcoma |
| Syphilis Test | VDRL |
| Syphilis S & S | - Flu-like symptoms - Rashes - Condylomatous growths |
| Syphilis Treatment | Penicillin |
| Herpes Simplex Test | Culture, Western blot |
| HPV Stages | Stage 1: Noncancerous, Warts Stage 2: Cancerous |
| Universal Donor | O- |
| Universal Recipient | AB + |
| Trichomoniasis | - Genital redness, swelling, itching, burning, foul discharge - In men, urethritis, prostatitis - In women, “strawberry cervix” |
| Burns % | - Entire Head/Neck = 9% - Front/Back = 18% - Arms = 9% - Genitals = 1% - Legs = 18% |
Created by:
Cgannon12
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