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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mayflower Compact | 1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony. |
| William Bradford | A Pilgrim, the second governor of the Plymouth colony, 1621-1657. He developed private land ownership and helped colonists get out of debt. He helped the colony survive droughts, crop failures, and Indian attacks. |
| Pocahontas | Married John Rolfe as a peace agreement between the Va. colonists and the Powhatans. |
| Cambridge Agreement | 1629 - The Puritan stockholders of the Massachusetts Bay Company agreed to emigrate to New England on the condition that they would have control of the government of the colony. |
| Puritan migration | Many Puritans emigrated from England to America in the 1630s and 1640s. During this time, the population of the Massachusetts Bay colony grew to ten times its earlier population. |
| Church of England (Anglican Church) | The national church of England, founded by King Henry VIII. It included both Roman Catholic and Protestant ideas. |
| John Winthrop | 1629 - He became the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay colony, and served in that capacity from 1630 through 1649. A Puritan with strong religious beliefs. |
| Mayflower Compact | An agreement to self government in the Plymouth Colony. It was signed on the boat. |
| Calvinism | Protestant sect founded by John Calvin. Emphasized a strong moral code and believed in predestination (the idea that God decided whether or not a person would be saved as soon as they were born). |
| Jamestown | Founded in 1607, it was the very first permanent English settlement in North America. |
| Anne Hutchinson | She preached the idea that God communicated directly to individuals instead of through the church elders. She was forced to leave Massachusetts in 1637. |
| Roger Williams | 1635 - He left the Massachusetts colony and purchased the land from a neighboring Indian tribe to found the colony of Rhode Island. Rhode Island was the only colony at that time to offer complete religious freedom. |
| Half-way Covenant | The Half-way Covenant applied to those members of the Puritan colonies who were the children of church members, but who hadn’t achieved grace themselves. The covenant allowed them to participate in some church affairs. |
| Thomas Hooker | Clergyman, one of the founders of Hartford. Called "the father of American democracy" because he said that people have a right to choose their magistrates. |
| Massachusetts School Law | First public education legislation in America. It declared that towns with 50 or more families had to hire a schoolmaster and that towns with over 100 families had to found a grammar school. |
| Harvard | 1636 - Founded by a grant form the Massachusetts general court. Followed Puritan beliefs. |
| Dominion of New England | 1686 - The British government combined the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal governor (Andros). The Dominion ended in 1692, when the colonists revolted. |
| Sir Edmond Andros | Governor of the Dominion of New England from 1686 until 1692, when the colonists rebelled and forced him to return to England. |
| Joint stock company | A company made up of a group of shareholders. Each shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company’s profits and debts. |
| Headright system | Headrights were parcels of land consisting of about 50 acres which were given to colonists who brought indentured servants into America. They were used by the Virginia Company to attract more colonists. |
| John Smith | Helped found and govern Jamestown. His leadership and strict discipline helped the Virginia colony get through the difficult first winter. |
| John Rolfe | He was one of the English settlers at Jamestown (and he married Pocahontas). He discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia and cure it for export, which made Virginia an economically successful colony. |
| Slavery begins | 1619 - The first African slaves in America arrive in the Virginia colony. |
| House of Burgesses | 1619 - The Virginia House of Burgesses formed, the first legislative body in colonial America. Later other colonies would adopt houses of burgesses. |
| Cavaliers | In the English Civil War (1642-1647), these were the troops loyal to Charles II. Their opponents were the Roundheads, loyal to Parliament and Oliver Cromwell. |
| Act of Toleration | A law passed in Maryland that guaranteed toleration to all Christians but decreed the death penaltyfo rthose like Jews and atheists, who denied the divinity of Jesus Christ. |
| Culperer’s Rebellion | The Alpemark colony rebelled against its English governor, Thomas Miller. The rebellion was crushed, but Culperer was acquitted. |
| Georgia | 1733 - _________________Georgia was formed as a buffer between the Carolinas and Spanish-held Florida. It was a military-style colony, but also served as a haven for the poor, criminals, and persecuted Protestants. |
| James Oglethorpe | Founder and governor of the Georgia colony. He ran a tightly-disciplined, military-like colony. Colonist’s dissatisfaction over not being allowed to own slaves) caused the colony to break down and the governor to lose his position. |
| John Locke | Locke was a British political theorist who wrote the Fundamental Constitution for the Carolinas colony, but it was never put into effect. The constitution would have set up a feudalistic government headed by an aristocracy which owned most of the land. |
| Charleston | 1690 - The first permanent settlement in the Carolinas, named in honor of King Charles II. Much of the population were Huguenot (French Protestant) refugees. |
| Staple crops in the South | Tobacco was grown in Virginia, Maryland, and North Carolina. Rice was grown in South Carolina and Georgia. Indigo was grown in South Carolina. |
| Pennsylvania | 1681- William Penn received a land grant from King Charles II, and used it to form a colony that would provide a haven for Quakers. His colony, Pennsylvania, allowed religious freedom. |
| Holy experiment | William Penn’s term for the government of Pennsylvania, which was supposed to serve everyone and provide freedom for all. |
| predestination | This is a Calvinistic doctrine that means God has foreordained some people to be saved and some to be damned. |
| Primogeniture | Legal doctrine that the oldest son inherits all the family property or land. |
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maximileon34
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