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Speech Therapy:Artic
Articulation Topics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a pigeon (pidgin) language? | a simplified language that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups that do not have a language in common |
| What is a creole language? | A more complex language form that evolves from a pidgin when it is passed to the next generation; more complex; rules are present |
| What does the acronym SOAP stand for and what does it describe? | Subjective Objective Assessment and Plan is a method of documentation used by a clinician to provide official notes for a patient's chart. |
| What does the "subjective" part of SOAP notes document? | Part of SOAP notes that talks about how the clinician experienced client: • how client looked in therapy/affect • mood • alertness |
| What does the "objective" part of SOAP notes document? | Part of SOAP notes that talks about measurable,recordable information; goals, results |
| What does the "assessment" part of SOAP notes document? | Part of SOAP notes that talks about how well (or not) a client is progressing toward their therapy goals. |
| What does the "plan" part of SOAP notes document? | Part of SOAP notes that tells if therapy will continue, and what future sessions will entail. |
| Would minimal pair therapy be considered part of a traditional or linguistic model? | This form of therapy would be considered part of a linguistic model given it's practice of targeting more than one phoneme by pairing two words which differ in only one feature. |
| What is the purpose of Minimal Pairs Therapy? | The purpose of this form of therapy is to show client how changes in phonemes can change the meaning of words and effect intelligibility. examples: cop / top tin / tip |
| What is a carrier phrase? | This technique keeps therapy moving by relieving the client of having to think of a sentence to use the target word in. Example: “I have a_____________”. |
| What is the concept behind the "least knowledge" approach to therapy? | The idea behind this linguistic approach to therapy is that if a harder sound is taught/learned, easier sounds will come by generalization; considered by some to be more efficient than traditional therapies. |
| T or F? Linguistic approach is best for those with multiple errors. | True, this therapeutic approach is best for those clients with multiple errors. |
| What is the concept behind the "most knowledge" approach to therapy? | The idea behind this traditional approach to therapy is that it is best to choose targets from sounds most like those in a client's phonetic inventory; stimulability is very important. |
| Whose name is associated with the maximal oppositions technique? | Judy Geirut is associated with which technique? |
| Describe the maximal oppositions technique. | A linguistic technique in which sounds that are both missing from a child’s inventory, are chosen that are maximally different from one another |
| Give an example of the maximal oppositions technique. | The following is an example of which type of therapy? -ex. Child has no /t/ so choose another sound that is different in place, manner and voicing to pair with it: o /ᴣ/ palatal, fricative, voiced o /m/ bilabial, nasal, voiced |
| What does the term distance metric mean? | This term refers to how clinicians choose targets--are they close together or far apart? Ex. - Some sounds are far apart in voice, place, or manner: - ex. /p/ /ʤ/ o pump / jump o pam / jam o pig / jig |
| Whose name is associated with the multiple oppositions technique? | Lyn Williams is associated with which technique? |
| Describe the error made by a child who would be a good candidate for multiple opposition therapy. | A child who collapses multiple sounds into the same phoneme (high level of homonymy) would be a good candidate for which type of therapy? - ex. Child replaces /k/,/s/and sh with /t/, hence, there is no way to differentiate between back, bass, and batch |
| Give an example of a multiple opposition therapy excercise. | Choose preferred sound (/t/)and contrast it with 3 diff sounds (/k/, /s/, "sh"), then come up with minimal pairs o bat → back o bat → bass o bat → batch |
| Whose name is associated with the cycling technique? | Barbara Hodson is associated with which technique? |
| Any processes targeted for cycling should be being used by the client what percentage of the time? | Which technique targets processes which are used at least 40% of the time (60% for liquids) |
| What types of processes should be chosen for cycling therapy? | These processes should be chosen for which type of therapy? ones that are: - interfering with intelligibility - initially suppressed developmentally - used more than 40% of time (liquids 60%) - are blocking other processes |
| What are some advantages of the cycling technique? | The following are advantages of which technique? o easy to use o provides baseline data for clinician o fast paced o high client interest/ low frustration o can work on many processes during one cycle to increase intelligibility |
| What is the definition of a cycle? | The time it takes to target all processes for 1-2hrs each. |
| T or F? If a child gets hung up on a process In a cycle, the clinician should work on this process until satisfactory progress is made, then continue with the cycle. | False. Keep cycle process moving regardless of child's success or failure. |
| What is the definition of "key environments"? | Tool that's helpful in planning target sounds. Helps clinician understand where child has the most success phonetically. |
| What is an example of a key environment? | What tool follows this example: Child can say "great", so give "green"? |
| What is the definition of "traditional" intervention method. | Intervention method that involves training sound by sound starting at basic level → connected speech. |
| List some characteristics of a client for whom you would use the traditional approach. | Use which approach if your client has the following: Only one or two sounds at issue Only residual sounds left to learn Any position Organically impaired kid (??) Working on phrases and connected speech |
| What is the definition of "linguistic" intervention method. | More about teaching the rules for producing a set of phonemes rather than teaching the individual sound → generalization then takes over |
| What is the definition of "training broad". | Covering a greater number of sounds to encourage more sounds |
| What is the definition of "training deep". | Concentrating on one area, whether phonemes or classes |
| What is the definition of Shaping? | Molding features of sounds; closer & closer until child acquires sound. |
| What are the two types of shaping? | Which therapy method would use the following techniques: Take sound child has → form to target sound Take child's incorrect sound → form to target sound |
| What is the definition of Metaphors? | using props to illustrate properties of sound ex. - rubber band to draw out sounds; fat air vs. skinny air |
| What is the definition of Phonetic Placement? | Giving detailed directions of how to place articulators |
| What is the Lindamood Program? | A kinesthetic/tactile approach to target identification: Exs: nosy sounds, windy sounds, lip cooler sounds |
| What is the definition of Paired Stimuli? | Technique that involves finding a key environment that helps kid get target 9/10 correct. |
| Give an example of a paired stimuli activity. | Example of what technique? ex. say tip correctly 9/10 times, then pair with other words: tip→ /tap/ tip→ /tæp/ tip→ /teIp/ tip→ /tʌp/ |
| What are the steps of the traditional approach? | 1. perceptual training 2. establishing sound 3. stabilizing sound 4. generalizing (transferring) sound |
| What happens in perceptual training? | The following is thought process of what technique? Can kid perceive correct sound? o Differentiate b/n similar sounds o Word level o Connected speech level |
| What are some ways a clinician can establish a sound? | A clinician can use the following to achieve which step in the traditional approach? o Multisensory Cues o Metaphors o Teaching features: ex. Lindamood program o Phonetic placement o Shaping |
| What are some ways a clinician can stabilize a sound? | The following are used to achieve which part of the traditional method? o Context utilization o Slow motion speech o Shadowing o Paired stimuli o Unison speech o Strategic errors o Carrier phrases |
| T or F? The linguistic approach is best for kids with multiple errors vs single errors | True. This approach is best for kids with multiple errors vs single errors |
| Name three theories that can be categorized as part of the least knowledge school of thought. | Cycling, maximal oppositions, multiple oppositions fall under "most knowledge" or "least knowledge"? |
| Least Knowledge/Complexity approach chooses sounds that are: | Which approach chooses sounds that are: - absent from phonological inventory - marked/more difficult sounds - later developing sounds |
| What is the definition of minimal pairs technique? | Technique that chooses one-syllable words that differ with respect to one feature (voice, place, or manner) to show kid how meaning breaks down when phonemes pronounced incorrectly ex. cop / top |
| What is the definition of dyspraxia? | A disability resulting from brain damage in which the patient has difficulty programming the muscles used to produce speech (ie transmitting the signals that tell them what to do ON COMMAND. |
| What is the definition of disarthria? | Neurological motor speech impairments caused by impairment of the nervous system resulting in muscle weakness. Could be in any system: Respiratory, Laryngeal, or supralaryngeal. |
| What is the definition of aphasia? | Loss of the ability to use or understand language due to stroke, brain disease or injury. |
| Compare overall phonemes, vowels, consonants, and syllable shapes of Mandarin to those in English | Mandarin is a tonal language; Phonemes: has a wide variety; Consonants: few clusters or final consonants; Syllables: few syllables; Stress differences apparent |
| Compare vowels, consonants, and syllable shapes of Spanish to those in English | Spanish has fewer phonemes overall; 5 primary vowels; 18 consonants vs 24 for English --> 12 are shared. |
| Describe "drill play" therapy and give an example. | Style of therapy in which the child is involved with the rapid production excercise. Ex. child is given a degree of control over number of productions with a spinner. |
| Describe "drill" therapy and give an example. | Type of therapy in which the clinician controls the session and client's production. Ex. using flash cards with target phonemes and pictures on them that the chld must ID. |
| Describe "structured play" therapy and give an example. | Style of therapy in which child has more control or involvement in the session. Ex. Clinician and child could play soccer, and the child must produce the target to get a turn. |
| Describe "play" therapy and give an example. | Type of therapy which incorporates productions into the activity itself; the child perceives it as pure play. |
| What is the definition of "differential diagnosis"? | This term refers to the process of determining the appropriate classification of a given child's skills as belonging to a particular speech/language disorder. |
| What is the definition of Phonemic Awareness? | Awareness of the sound structure of spoken words |
| What are Onsets and Rimes? | Onsets are the initial singleton or cluster of a word; Rimes are the collective phonemes making up the rest of the word. Ex. b + oat |
| What is alliteration? | Sharing the same phoneme across two words or syllables • ex. cat / cup |
| What is a rhyme? | The correspondence of sound between words or the endings of words. |
| What are the three characteristics of Childhood Apraxia of Speech | (IDD) Inconsistency on multiple productions of the same word; Disruptions in transitions between syllables--may sound choppy or unnatural; Difficulty with prosody, e.g. All syllables of a word are stressed. |
| What are phonological awareness cues? | Tactile, Kinesthetic, Proprioceptive |
| What name is associated with Generative Theory? | Chomsky |
| What name is associated with Natural Theory? | Stampe |
| What names are associated with Behaviorism? | Skinner, Watson |
| What names are associated with Linguistic Approach? | Geirut, Williams, Hodson, Blache/McReynolds/Weiner |
| What name is associated with the Traditional Approach? | Van Riper |
| What is the basic belief/idea of the Linguistic Approach? | Idea is that there is an underlying basis to the phonological disorder and the client must learn the rules for SETS of phonemes and how they are combined into words. |
| What is the basic belief/idea of the Traditional Approach? | Belief is that there is faulty perception or inadequate motor skills |
| What is phonological generalization? | The occurrence of relevant behaviors in a different context than the one in which they were shaped. 5 types: Across-position, across-context, across-linguistic unit, across-sound feature, and across situation. (PLCSS) |
| What is Across-position generalization? | Across initial, medial, and final positions |
| What is Across-linguistic unit generalization? | When sound production shifts from syllables→ words → sentences. |
| What is Across-context generalization? | When a production transfers to other words without treatment |
| What is Across-Sound Feature generalization? | Occurs when generalization occurs across sounds that are similar to one another such as cognate pairs -- /k/ → /g/; /s/ → /z/, etc. |
| What is Across-situation generalization? | Occurs when behaviors that are learned in the therapeutic environment transfer to other settings like school, work, or home. |
| What are the differences between CAS and regular language delay? | o gaps between receptive and expressive vs slower development on track o only difficult on command vs. difficult all the time o inconsistent errors vs consistent errors |
| What are registers? | Uses of one language in different contexts; levels of formality |
| What is code switching? | Switching between languages or language varieties in one conversation. |
| What are the two types of dyspraxia? | Non-verbal and Verbal |
| What is non-verbal dyspraxia? | Oral motor problems: any motor difficulty with the muscles of the mouth (puffing cheeks,sticking out tongue, swallowing...) |
| What is verbal dyspraxia? | Occurs when one has problems using the articulators to create phonemes. |
| What are the 5 parameters for assessing a person with a speech sound disorder? | - Range of Motion - speed - strength - coordination - varied muscular tension |
| Do oral motor exercises outside of a speech context? | No, they should be kept within a speech context. |
| What is an obstruent? | Consonant sound formed by obstructing airflow, causing increased air pressure in the vocal tract: Stops, affricates, fricatives. |
| What is a sonorant? | Speech sound produced WITHOUT turbulent airflow: Vowels, nasals, approximants (articulators approach each other: liquids, glides) |
Created by:
wyhanes
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