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NU215 term quiz #2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Allen test | evaluates patency of the radial or ulnar arteries, when the patient puts palm side up and makes a fist and the ulnar or radial arteries are occluded, Then the patient releases fist and note how long palm remains pale and when color returns. |
| Aorta | transports oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body |
| aortic regurgitation | occurs when the aortic valve fails to close completely and results in blood flowing from the aorta back into the left ventricle which causes left ventricular volume overload and causes the heart to pump harder. Can be caused by rheumatic heart disease or |
| aortic valve | located where the aorta connects with the left ventricle , opens as the left ventricle contracts to let blood flow |
| apical impulse | pulse located in the left fifth intercostal space, midclavicular line, most accurate reading of your heart rate |
| arterial ulcer | develops as the result of damage to the arteries due to lack of blood flow to tissue, commonly caused by peripheral artery disease or reduced arterial blood supply to the lower limb, can take months to heal |
| arteries | tubelike structures responsible for transporting fluid to and from every organ in the body, carries blood away from the heart |
| ascites | condition in which fluid collects in spaces within your abdomen, as fluid collects it can affect your lungs, kidneys and other organs also causing abdominal pain, swelling, nausea, vomiting, can be caused by high pressure in veins of the liver and low lev |
| aspiration | when food, liquid, or other material enters a persons airway and eventually the lungs by accident. Can happen as a person swallows or food can come back up from the stomach, can lead to serious health issues such as pneumonia |
| atelectasis | complete or partial collapse of the lung or lobe of a lung, can be caused by a blockage of the air passages or by pressure on the outside of the lung. Can occur during anesthesia, prolonged bed rest, mucus, and tumors |
| bruit | audible vascular sound associated with turbulent blood flow, abnormal sounds; blowing, swishing or murmuring sound, heard during auscultation |
| claudication | pain, cramp, or sense of fatigue in a muscle group of the lower extremity related to sustained exercise and relieved promptly by a few minutes of rest while standing evenly on both feet. Can be caused by peripheral artery disease |
| intermittent claudication | muscle pain that happens when youre active and stops when you rest, usually a symptom of blood flow problems, over time can get worse and lead to serious health problems. Located in the calves, thighs, or buttocks. |
| compartment syndrome | painful condition that occurs when pressure within the muscles builds to dangerous levels, pressure can decrease blood flow, which deprives muscles and nerves of oxygen and nourishment. Can be caused by trauma, sprains, bruised muscles, or broken bones |
| consolidation (lungs) | when air in the small airways of the lungs is replaced with a fluid, solid, or other material such as pus, blood, water, stomach contents or cells. Can be caused by aspiration, pneumonia or lung cancer. |
| crepitus | crackling sound/tactile sensation due to air under the skin; may also be heard in joints, can be caused by exudate or a transudate, due to lung infections like pneumonia or congestive heart failure. |
| deep vein thrombosis | risk factors include injury to a vein, prolonged bedrest or sitting, increased estrogen, or chronic medical conditions, when a blood clot develops in veins deep in your body usually in the lower leg. |
| diastasis recti | occurs when the bowel protrudes through a separation between the two rectus abdominis muscles, appears as a midline ridge, bulge may appear only when the client raises the head or coughs, little significance, can occur due to pregnancy or obesity |
| dysphagia | difficulty swallowing solids or liquids, caused by medicines, learning disabilities, cleft lip, stroke, cancers, COPD, heartburn |
| ECG | electrocardiogram, records depolarization and repolarization of the heart, records the electrical signal from the heart to check for different heart conditions |
| ejection fraction | Stroke volume (SV) / End-diastolic volume (EDV) x 100, measurement of the percentage of blood leaving the heart each time it contracts |
| excursion | movement of the thoracic diaphragm during breathing, normal diaphragmatic excursion should be 3-5 cm but can be increased ` |
| ischemia | inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially the heart muscles, atherosclerosis is the most common cause, |
| jugular venous pressure | reflects right atrial (central venous) pressure and usually right ventricular diastolic filling pressure. Reduced pressure occurs with reduced left ventricular output or reduced blood volume. Increased is usually caused by venous hypertension. |
| kyphosis | spinal disorder in which an excessive curve of the spine results in an abnormal rounding of the upper back, sometimes known as hunchback. Most common in adolescence. Caused by degenerative diseases, fractures, trauma or slipping of vertebrae |
| lymphedema | tissue swelling caused by an accumulation of protein-rich fluid thats usually drained through the bodys lymphatic system, most commonly affects the legs and arms, caused by alterations in genes, blockage in the lymphatic system, lymph node removal or dama |
| mitral stenosis | narrowing of the valve between the two left heart chambers, narrowed valve reduces or blocks blood flow into the hearts main pumping chamber. Most commonly caused by rheumatic fever |
| mitral valve | small flap located between left atria and ventricle of the heart that stops blood from flowing the wrong way |
| murmurs | blowing, whooshing or rasping sound heard during a heartbeat, caused by a turbulent blood flow through the heart valves or near the heart, caused by fever, lack of health RBCs, hyperthyroidism, rapid growth, physical activity and pregnancy |
| orthopnea | sensation of breathlessness in the recumbent position, relieved by sitting or standing. Caused by heart disease or heart failure. |
| P wave | atrial depolarization of the atria of the heart, occurs before the QRS wave. |
| paralytic ileus | condition where the motor activity of the bowel is impaired caused by intestinal infections, abdominal surgery, decreased blood potassium level |
| pathologic S3 | development of this may be the earliest sign of heart failure, may be heard with ischemic heart disease, commonly heard at the beginning of the diastolic pause in children, adolescents and young adults, rare from age 40 |
| Pathologic S4 | atrial gallop, may be heard with coronary artery disease, hypertensive heart disease, cardiomyopathy and aortic stenosis |
| pericardial friction rub | grating, to and fro sound produced by friction of the heart against the pericardium, usually indicates pericarditis, caused by vital and bacterial infection, trauma, cancer, collagen vascular disease, uremia |
| pleural effusion | build up of fluid between the layers of tissue that line the lungs and chest cavity, causes include congestive heart failure, cancer, pneumonia and pulmonary embolism |
| prognosis | likely course of a disease or ailment |
| pulmonary embolism | sudden blockage in your pulmonary arteries, usually happens when a blood clot in the deep veins of your leg breaks off and travels to your lungs. Fat embolus, amniotic fluid embolus, air bubbles and deep vein thrombosis |
| pulmonic valve | one of the semilunar valves, thats located at the entrance of the pulmonary artery as it exits the right ventricle, open during ventricular contraction and close from the pressure of blood when the ventricles relax |
| QRS complex | ventricular depolarization, conduction of the impulse throughout the ventricles, which then triggers contraction of the ventricles, |
| Raynaud's disease | cause some areas of the body such as fingers and toes to feel numb and cold in response to cold temperature or stress, smaller arteries that supply blood to the skin narrow which limits blood flow to affected areas called vasospasms |
| resonance | heard over part air and part solid, the percussion tone elicited over normal lung tissue |
| sinoatrial node | located on the posterior wall of the right atrium, generates impulses that are conducted over both atria, causing them to contract simultaneously and send blood into the ventricles |
| tactile fremitus | vibration felt in neck and over the upper thorax from the transmission of vocal sounds from the airways to the surface of the chest wall |
| tricuspid valve | one of the AV valves, composed of 3 cusps that is located between the right atrium and right ventricle |
| varicose veins | veins close to the skins surface that become twisted and enlarged usually seen in legs or feet and are caused by weak vein walls and valves, gender, genetics, age, obesity or pregnancy |
| veins | blood vessels located throughout your body that collect oxygen-poor blood and return it to your heart |
| venous ulcer | wound on the leg or ankle caused by abnormal or damaged veins, due to abnormal vein function |
| vertigo | spinning sensation, can be associated with an inner ear problem, subjective when clients feel that they are spinning and objective when they feel that the room is spinning around |
Created by:
Kirabear8
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