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A & P Week 8
Ch. 20, 21 ,22
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| If the center of a reflex arc is the brain, the response it mediates is called a | cranial reflex. |
| The two main types of adrenergic receptors are | alpha and beta. |
| Each skin surface area supplied by sensory fibers of a given spinal nerve is a | dermatome. |
| Both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions are tonically active, which means they | continually conduct impulses to autonomic effectors. |
| Many cerebral functions have typical locations. This fact is known as | cerebral localization. |
| The _____ nerve transmits impulses that result in sensations of equilibrium. | vestibular |
| Acetylcholine binds to _____ receptors | cholinergic |
| The set of coordinated commands that control the programmed muscle activity mediated by extrapyramidal pathways is called the | motor program |
| Axon terminals of autonomic neurons release either of two neurotransmitters, | norepinephrine and acetylcholine. |
| The _____ is an extension of the great toe, with or without fanning of the other toes, in response to stimulation of the outer margin of the sole of the foot. | Babinski sign |
| T/F Sympathetic preganglionic axons pass along the dorsal root of certain spinal nerves. | False |
| The _____ consists of several structures that lie beneath the thalamus and form the floor of the third ventricle and the lower part of its lateral walls. | hypothalamus |
| A _____ is a skeletal muscle or group of muscles that receives motor axons from a given spinal nerve. | myotome |
| The somatic motor system includes all the _____ motor pathways _____ the CNS. | voluntary; outside |
| The groove between the frontal and parietal lobes of the cerebral cortex is the | central sulcus. |
| Mixed cranial nerves contain axons of | sensory and motor neurons. |
| “Fight or flight” physiological changes include all of the following | increased conversion of glycogen to glucose. increased perspiration. dilation of blood vessels in skeletal muscles. |
| Tongue movement is controlled by which cranial nerve? | hypoglossal |
| The cortex is capable of storing and retrieving information from both short-term and long-term | memory. |
| Another name for the parasympathetic nervous system is the nervous system. | craniosacral |
| Which of the following is an example of sympathetic stimulation? | decreased secretion of the pancreas. constriction of the urinary sphincters. dilation of skeletal muscle blood vessels |
| Which region of the brain plays a part in the mechanism responsible for emotions by associating sensory impulses with feelings of pleasantness and unpleasantness? | thalamus |
| The reticular activating system maintains | consciousness |
| The second largest part of the brain, located just below the posterior portion of the cerebrum, is the | cerebellum. |
| The most numerous cerebral tracts are the | association tracts. |
| A reflex consists of either a muscle contraction or a | glandular secretion. |
| Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sense of smell? | olfactory |
| The effect of sympathetic stimulation on the urinary bladder is | relaxation. |
| The action of acetylcholine is quickly terminated by its being hydrolyzed by the enzyme | acetylcholinesterase. |
| The limbic system integrates | emotion. |
| T/F The parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions always act with a cooperative influence, and through summation of the impulses, the effect can be increased. | False |
| Cerebrospinal fluid circulates through the ventricles, into the central canal and _____, and is absorbed back into the blood. | subarachnoid space |
| Propranolol is an example of a | beta blocker. drug used to treat irregular heartbeats. drug used to treat hypertension. |
| Damage to the _____ nerve could make the diaphragm unable to function. | phrenic |
| Once inside the sympathetic chain ganglion, the preganglionic fiber may: | synapse with a sympathetic postganglionic neuron. send ascending and/or descending branches through the sympathetic trunk to synapse with postganglionic neurons in other chain ganglia. pass through one or more ganglia without synapsing. |
| Somatic motor and autonomic pathways share all of the following characteristics except: | number of neurons between central nervous system (CNS) and effector. |
| The spinal tract that is located in the side of the cord, originates in the brain, and terminates in the spinal cord is the _____ tract. | lateral corticospinal |
| The part of the brain that assists in the maintenance of balance is the: | cerebellum |
| T/F The major function of the parasympathetic division is to serve as an “emergency” system. | False |
| The part of the brain that can directly influence or inhibit the release of hormones from the pituitary is the: | hypothalamus |
| Which of the following is not an example of sympathetic stimulation? | Constriction of the bronchioles |
| Audition is a function of the _____ lobe. | temporal |
| Which is true of the dorsal nerve root? | It is also called the posterior root. It includes the spinal ganglion. It includes sensory fibers. |
| If the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal nerve were destroyed, a person would lose _____ related to that pathway. | sensory perception |
| Which of the following is not associated with the oculomotor nerve? | Closing and opening of the eye (blink reflex) |
| How does a dually innervated autonomic effector differ from a singly innervated autonomic effector? | A dually innervated effector receives input from both sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways. A singly innervated autonomic effector receives input from only the sympathetic division. |
| Nerve impulses over the _____ nerve cause increased peristalsis and decreased heart rate. | vagus |
| If the ventral nerve root of a spinal nerve were destroyed, a person would lose _____ related to that pathway. | willed movement |
| A mixed nerve is one that: | carries both sensory and motor fibers. |
| Normal infants will show the Babinski reflex up to the age of _____ years. | 1.5-2 |
| Afferent nerves or fibers are found only in the _____ nervous system. | sensory & autonomic |
| Which of the following is a description of the principle of autonomic antagonism as it relates to the autonomic nervous system? | If sympathetic impulses tend to stimulate an effector, parasympathetic impulses tend to inhibit it. |
| Norepinephrine is liberated at: | most sympathetic postganglionic nerve endings. |
| Acetylcholine can stimulate _____ receptors. | nicotinic |
| Which is the only plexus that contains fibers from the thoracic region of the spinal cord? | Brachial |
| The knee jerk can be classified as a segmental reflex because: | impulses that mediate it enter and leave the same segment of the cord. |
| Which of the following is a correct statement? | There are 5 lumbar nerve pairs. |
| All of the following are examples of parasympathetic stimulation except: | increased heart rate. |
| T/F One bundle of nerve fibers (nerve roots) projects from each side of the spinal cord. | False |
| Tic douloureux is a painful neuralgia of the _____ nerve. | trigeminal |
| The cerebellum performs all of the following functions except: | controls cardiac function. |
| Cerebrospinal fluid is formed by filtration of blood in the: | choroid plexuses. |
| Impulses from the _____ play a part in arousing or alerting the cerebrum. | thalamus |
| The vomiting reflex is mediated by the: | medulla |
| Nerves that innervate the floor of the pelvic cavity and some of the surrounding areas are found in the _____ plexus. | coccygeal |
| The cerebellum acts with the _____ to produce skilled movement | cerebrum |
| Which of the following is not a function of the hypothalamus? | Regulation of motor activity |
| Which is(are) the neurotransmitter(s) in a somatic motor pathway? | Acetylcholine |
| Sympathetic responses generally have widespread effects on the body because: | preganglionic fibers synapse with several postsynaptic fibers |
| True / False The preganglionic neurons of both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions are cholinergic. | True |
| A child was frightened by a large dog. The pupils of the child’s eyes became dilated, and the heart and respiratory rates increased. These symptoms were caused by stimulation of: | the sympathetic nervous system |
| True/ False Most effectors of the autonomic nervous system are dually innervated by sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons. | True |
| All of the following cranial nerves are involved in proprioception | hypoglossal. accessory. abducens. |
| Impulses sent over which of the following tracts could result in voluntary movement, especially of the hands, fingers, feet, and toes of the opposite side? | Lateral corticospinal |
| Which of the following is not true of the knee jerk reflex? | It is a flexor reflex. |
| If the center of a reflex arc is the brain, the response it mediates is called a | cranial reflex. |
| The two main types of adrenergic receptors are | alpha and beta. |
| Each skin surface area supplied by sensory fibers of a given spinal nerve is a | dermatome. |
| Both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions are tonically active, which means they | continually conduct impulses to autonomic effectors. |
| Many cerebral functions have typical locations. This fact is known as | cerebral localization. |
| The _____ nerve transmits impulses that result in sensations of equilibrium. | vestibular |
| Acetylcholine binds to _____ receptors | cholinergic |
| The set of coordinated commands that control the programmed muscle activity mediated by extrapyramidal pathways is called the | motor program |
| Axon terminals of autonomic neurons release either of two neurotransmitters, | norepinephrine and acetylcholine. |
| The _____ is an extension of the great toe, with or without fanning of the other toes, in response to stimulation of the outer margin of the sole of the foot. | Babinski sign |
| Which of the following is NOT correct? | Sympathetic preganglionic axons pass along the dorsal root of certain spinal nerves. |
| The _____ consists of several structures that lie beneath the thalamus and form the floor of the third ventricle and the lower part of its lateral walls. | hypothalamus |
| A _____ is a skeletal muscle or group of muscles that receives motor axons from a given spinal nerve. | myotome |
| The somatic motor system includes all the _____ motor pathways _____ the CNS. | voluntary; outside |
| The groove between the frontal and parietal lobes of the cerebral cortex is the | central sulcus. |
| Mixed cranial nerves contain axons of | sensory and motor neurons |
| “Fight or flight” physiological changes include all of the following EXCEPT | constriction of respiratory airways. |
| Tongue movement is controlled by which cranial nerve? | hypoglossal |
| The cortex is capable of storing and retrieving information from both short-term and long-term | memory. |
| Another name for the parasympathetic nervous system is the nervous system. | craniosacral |
| Which of the following is NOT an example of sympathetic stimulation? | constriction of the bronchioles |
| Which region of the brain plays a part in the mechanism responsible for emotions by associating sensory impulses with feelings of pleasantness and unpleasantness? | thalamus |
| The reticular activating system maintains | consciousness. |
| The second largest part of the brain, located just below the posterior portion of the cerebrum, is the | cerebellum. |
| The most numerous cerebral tracts are the | association tracts. |
| A reflex consists of either a muscle contraction or a | glandular secretion |
| Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sense of smell? | olfactory |
| The effect of sympathetic stimulation on the urinary bladder is | relaxation. |
| The action of acetylcholine is quickly terminated by its being hydrolyzed by the enzyme | acetylcholinesterase |
| The limbic system integrates | emotion. |
| True/ False The parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions always act with a cooperative influence, and through summation of the impulses, the effect can be increased. | False |
| Cerebrospinal fluid circulates through the ventricles, into the central canal and _____, and is absorbed back into the blood. | subarachnoid space |
| Propranolol is an example of a: | drug used to treat hypertension. beta blocker. drug used to treat irregular heartbeats |
| Damage to the _____ nerve could make the diaphragm unable to function. | phrenic |
| Once inside the sympathetic chain ganglion, the preganglionic fiber may: | synapse with a sympathetic postganglionic neuron. send ascending and/or descending branches through the sympathetic trunk to synapse with postganglionic neurons in other chain ganglia. pass through one or more ganglia without synapsing. |
| Somatic motor and autonomic pathways share all of the following characteristics | direction of information flow. location of peripheral fibers. acetylcholine. |
| The spinal tract that is located in the side of the cord, originates in the brain, and terminates in the spinal cord is the _____ tract. | lateral corticospinal |
| The part of the brain that assists in the maintenance of balance is the: | cerebellum. |
| Which of the following are true? | The parasympathetic division is the dominant controller of most autonomic effectors most of the time. Under quiet, nonstressful conditions, more impulses reach autonomic effectors by cholinergic parasympathetic fibers than by adrenergic sympathetic fibers. Parasympathetic stimulation causes an increase in the secretion of pancreatic juice and insulin. |
| The part of the brain that can directly influence or inhibit the release of hormones from the pituitary is the: | hypothalamus. |
| Which of the following is not an example of sympathetic stimulation? | Constriction of the bronchioles |
| Audition is a function of the _____ lobe. | temporal |
| If the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal nerve were destroyed, a person would lose _____ related to that pathway. | sensory perception |
| Which of the following is not associated with the oculomotor nerve? | Closing and opening of the eye (blink reflex) |
| How does a dually innervated autonomic effector differ from a singly innervated autonomic effector? | A dually innervated effector receives input from both sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways. A singly innervated autonomic effector receives input from only the sympathetic division. |
| Nerve impulses over the _____ nerve cause increased peristalsis and decreased heart rate. olfactory | vagus |
| If the ventral nerve root of a spinal nerve were destroyed, a person would lose _____ related to that pathway. | willed movement |
| A mixed nerve is one that: | carries both sensory and motor fibers |
| Normal infants will show the Babinski reflex up to the age of _____ years. | 1.5-2 |
| Afferent nerves or fibers are found only in the _____ nervous system. | sensory & autonomic |
| Which of the following is a description of the principle of autonomic antagonism as it relates to the autonomic nervous system? | If sympathetic impulses tend to stimulate an effector, parasympathetic impulses tend to inhibit it. |
| Norepinephrine is liberated at: | most sympathetic postganglionic nerve endings. |
| Acetylcholine can stimulate _____ receptors. | nicotinic |
| Which is the only plexus that contains fibers from the thoracic region of the spinal cord? | Brachial |
| The knee jerk can be classified as a segmental reflex because: | impulses that mediate it enter and leave the same segment of the cord. |
| Which of the following is a correct statement? | There are 5 lumbar nerve pairs |
| All of the following are examples of parasympathetic stimulation except: | increased heart rate |
| Which of the following is not true? | One bundle of nerve fibers (nerve roots) projects from each side of the spinal cord. |
| Tic douloureux is a painful neuralgia of the _____ nerve. | trigeminal |
| The cerebellum performs all of the following functions except: | controls cardiac function. |
| Cerebrospinal fluid is formed by filtration of blood in the: | choroid plexuses. |
| Impulses from the _____ play a part in arousing or alerting the cerebrum. | thalamus |
| The vomiting reflex is mediated by the: | medulla |
| Nerves that innervate the floor of the pelvic cavity and some of the surrounding areas are found in the _____ plexus. | coccygeal |
| The cerebellum acts with the _____ to produce skilled movement. | cerebrum |
| Which of the following is not a function of the hypothalamus? | Regulation of motor activity |
| Which is(are) the neurotransmitter(s) in a somatic motor pathway? | Acetylcholine |
| Sympathetic responses generally have widespread effects on the body because: | preganglionic fibers synapse with several postsynaptic fibers. |
| True / False The preganglionic neurons of both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions are cholinergic. | True |
| A child was frightened by a large dog. The pupils of the child’s eyes became dilated, and the heart and respiratory rates increased. These symptoms were caused by stimulation of: | the sympathetic nervous system. |
| True / False Most effectors of the autonomic nervous system are dually innervated by sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons. | True |
| All of the following cranial nerves are involved in proprioception except the: | vagus. |
| Impulses sent over which of the following tracts could result in voluntary movement, especially of the hands, fingers, feet, and toes of the opposite side? | Lateral corticospinal |
| Which of the following is not true of the knee jerk reflex? | It is a flexor reflex. |
Created by:
cmblaska
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