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CHM100 Test4& Final
Chemistry 100- General info, Gas's, PH, Acid Base's
Question | Answer |
---|---|
How to find PH = | -log[H3O+] |
How to find POH = | -log[OH-] |
What does PH + POH = | 14.00 |
How to find [OH-] = | -10^POH |
How to find [H3O+] = | 10^PH |
Kw = what? | 1.0x10^-14// or // [H3O+][OH-} |
What is [H3O+]? | Hydronium |
In Gas, what does R =? | R=0.08206L*atm/mol*k R is the Gas Constant |
Boyles Law Formula and meaning | P1V1=P2V2 = Pressure and Volume are inversely proportional |
Define Inversely | One up, one down. ie. When Volume goes down, Pressure goes up, |
Define Directly related, or proportional | Same Same. ie. When Temperature goes up, the pressure also goes up |
Charles Law Formula and meaning | V1/T1=V2/T2 = Volume and Temp are Directly proportional |
Gay Lussac's Law Formula and meaning | P1/T1=P2/T2 = Pressure and Temp are directly proportional **note** No volume in this one |
Combined Gas Law formula | All three, Temp, Volume, and Pressure = P1V1/T1=P2V2/T2 |
Ideal Gas Law | PV= nRT |
What does n stand for in gas calculations? | moles of gas (n stands for moles) |
Hydrogen Bonds are ONLY for what molecules? | F, O, and N (Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Florine) |
How do you assign oxidation numbers to a formula? | (# of atoms) (Oxidation number)+(#of atoms of the next molecule)(Next Oxidation number)+ (next Atom)(Oxi number) do the math to find the charge. |
What happens in Oxidation? | Loss of electrons (e-). That will increase the + charges resulting in a larger oxidation number or increase. |
What happens in Reduction? | Gain of elections (e-). That will increase the - charges. resulting in a smaller oxidation number or decrease/reduction. |
Properties of Liquids | Close together, Large attractive forces keep them together. Attractive forces not large enough to restrict movement. Has Viscosity. |
Daltons Law's of Partial Pressure | In a mixture of gasses. Each gas will exert it's own pressure on the container. The pressure of each gas is the same pressure it would exert if it were alone. You take each individual pressure and add them together to get the total pressure. |
Dalton's law formula of Partial Pressure | P1+P2+P3........on and on. = Total pressure (Pt) |
What is the STP of Pressure and Temperature? | 1 atm (atmosphere) 0*C (add 273 to get to K) |
Name 7 Strong Acid Formula's | HCL, HBr, Hi, HNO3, H2SO4, HClO3, HClO4 Hydrochloric acid, Hydrobromic acid, Hydroiodic acid, Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Chloric acid, Perchloric acid |
Name 7 weak acids | HF, HC2H3O2, HCN, HNO2, H2CO3, H2SO3, H3PO4 Hydrofluoric acid, Acetic acid (vinegar), Hydrocyanic acid, nitrous acid, carbonic acid, Suulfurous acid, Phosphoric acid |
Name 8 Strong bases | LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2 Lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, rubidium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, strontium hydroxide, barium hydroxide |
Define a Salt | "An ionic compound that contains a metal (or polyatomic ion) as the positive ion and a nonmetal (or polyatomic ion) as the negative ion |
When an acid and a base produce water and a salt what is it called? | Neutralization reaction |
Can Water Self - Ionize? | Yes - H2O (l)+ H2O (l) ----> H3O+ (aq) + OH- (aq) Hydronium and Hydroxide |
How do you write the water constant ? | Kw - Kw= [H3O+][OH-] Kw=1.00x10^-14 |
What will happen as the concentration of H3O+ increases? | The concentration of OH- will decrease (inversely proportional ) |
What does Pa stand for in gasses? | Pa = Pascal which is a unit of pressure |
What does mm HG stand for in gasses? | Millimeter of Mercury. A pressure unit. 1atm=760 mmHg |
What does atm stand for in gasses | Atmosphere. KNOW that 1atm = 760mmHg = 760 torr= 101.325 kPa = 14.7 psi |
What does torr stand for in gasses | Torr which is a unit of pressure. 1 torr = 1mm Hg |
Briefly outline the 7 rules for assigning oxidation numbers | Oxygen is normal -2 (except H2O2 or peroxides) then it's -1 ; Any free element is 0, Metals in group A1 and A11 are the ionic charge; Fluorine is -1, Hydrogen is +1 except when with metals then -1. |
How do you assign oxidation numbers to Polyatomic ions | The sum of the oxidation numbers of the individual elements is equal to the charge on the ion. |
In PH, What number is "neutral"? | 7 |
What number in PH is indicative of a Base | Greater then 7 |
What number in PH is indicative of being acidic? | Less then 7 |
Name 4 rules for naming Oxyacids | 1. One more O then the "ate" ion = "per"..."ic". (Perchloric acid HClO4). 2. Contains "ate"= "ic" suffix. (Chloric acid HCLO3)3. Contains "ite" = "ous" suffix. (Chlorous acid HClO2) 4. One less O then "ite" ion = Hypo...ous". (Hypochlorous acid HCLO) |