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CHM100 Test4& Final

Chemistry 100- General info, Gas's, PH, Acid Base's

QuestionAnswer
How to find PH = -log[H3O+]
How to find POH = -log[OH-]
What does PH + POH = 14.00
How to find [OH-] = -10^POH
How to find [H3O+] = 10^PH
Kw = what? 1.0x10^-14// or // [H3O+][OH-}
What is [H3O+]? Hydronium
In Gas, what does R =? R=0.08206L*atm/mol*k R is the Gas Constant
Boyles Law Formula and meaning P1V1=P2V2 = Pressure and Volume are inversely proportional
Define Inversely One up, one down. ie. When Volume goes down, Pressure goes up,
Define Directly related, or proportional Same Same. ie. When Temperature goes up, the pressure also goes up
Charles Law Formula and meaning V1/T1=V2/T2 = Volume and Temp are Directly proportional
Gay Lussac's Law Formula and meaning P1/T1=P2/T2 = Pressure and Temp are directly proportional **note** No volume in this one
Combined Gas Law formula All three, Temp, Volume, and Pressure = P1V1/T1=P2V2/T2
Ideal Gas Law PV= nRT
What does n stand for in gas calculations? moles of gas (n stands for moles)
Hydrogen Bonds are ONLY for what molecules? F, O, and N (Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Florine)
How do you assign oxidation numbers to a formula? (# of atoms) (Oxidation number)+(#of atoms of the next molecule)(Next Oxidation number)+ (next Atom)(Oxi number) do the math to find the charge.
What happens in Oxidation? Loss of electrons (e-). That will increase the + charges resulting in a larger oxidation number or increase.
What happens in Reduction? Gain of elections (e-). That will increase the - charges. resulting in a smaller oxidation number or decrease/reduction.
Properties of Liquids Close together, Large attractive forces keep them together. Attractive forces not large enough to restrict movement. Has Viscosity.
Daltons Law's of Partial Pressure In a mixture of gasses. Each gas will exert it's own pressure on the container. The pressure of each gas is the same pressure it would exert if it were alone. You take each individual pressure and add them together to get the total pressure.
Dalton's law formula of Partial Pressure P1+P2+P3........on and on. = Total pressure (Pt)
What is the STP of Pressure and Temperature? 1 atm (atmosphere) 0*C (add 273 to get to K)
Name 7 Strong Acid Formula's HCL, HBr, Hi, HNO3, H2SO4, HClO3, HClO4 Hydrochloric acid, Hydrobromic acid, Hydroiodic acid, Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Chloric acid, Perchloric acid
Name 7 weak acids HF, HC2H3O2, HCN, HNO2, H2CO3, H2SO3, H3PO4 Hydrofluoric acid, Acetic acid (vinegar), Hydrocyanic acid, nitrous acid, carbonic acid, Suulfurous acid, Phosphoric acid
Name 8 Strong bases LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2 Lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, rubidium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, strontium hydroxide, barium hydroxide
Define a Salt "An ionic compound that contains a metal (or polyatomic ion) as the positive ion and a nonmetal (or polyatomic ion) as the negative ion
When an acid and a base produce water and a salt what is it called? Neutralization reaction
Can Water Self - Ionize? Yes - H2O (l)+ H2O (l) ----> H3O+ (aq) + OH- (aq) Hydronium and Hydroxide
How do you write the water constant ? Kw - Kw= [H3O+][OH-] Kw=1.00x10^-14
What will happen as the concentration of H3O+ increases? The concentration of OH- will decrease (inversely proportional )
What does Pa stand for in gasses? Pa = Pascal which is a unit of pressure
What does mm HG stand for in gasses? Millimeter of Mercury. A pressure unit. 1atm=760 mmHg
What does atm stand for in gasses Atmosphere. KNOW that 1atm = 760mmHg = 760 torr= 101.325 kPa = 14.7 psi
What does torr stand for in gasses Torr which is a unit of pressure. 1 torr = 1mm Hg
Briefly outline the 7 rules for assigning oxidation numbers Oxygen is normal -2 (except H2O2 or peroxides) then it's -1 ; Any free element is 0, Metals in group A1 and A11 are the ionic charge; Fluorine is -1, Hydrogen is +1 except when with metals then -1.
How do you assign oxidation numbers to Polyatomic ions The sum of the oxidation numbers of the individual elements is equal to the charge on the ion.
In PH, What number is "neutral"? 7
What number in PH is indicative of a Base Greater then 7
What number in PH is indicative of being acidic? Less then 7
Name 4 rules for naming Oxyacids 1. One more O then the "ate" ion = "per"..."ic". (Perchloric acid HClO4). 2. Contains "ate"= "ic" suffix. (Chloric acid HCLO3)3. Contains "ite" = "ous" suffix. (Chlorous acid HClO2) 4. One less O then "ite" ion = Hypo...ous". (Hypochlorous acid HCLO)
Created by: sfaigin
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