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Stack #38866
RRC Maintenance hypertension
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Calcium channel blockers | arteriolar vasodilator, decreases contractile force which decreases HR |
Diuretics | reduces blood volume and promotes vasodilation |
Loop diuretic | Lasix (furosemide) |
Potassium-sparing diuretic | Spironolactone |
Thiazide diuretic | hydrochlorothiazide |
Angiotensin II receptor blockers | decreases release of aldosterone which can thereby increase the renal secretion of Na+ and H2O and vasodilation |
ACE inhibitors | vasodilator and reduces blood volume by excretion of Na+ and H2O through kidneys |
Beta-blockers | reduces force of contraction and slow HR through suppression of conduction at the SA node |
BP lifestyle changes | diet modifications (DASH diet) and exercise and weight management program |
Teaching re: HTN | therapy not cure - used to keep BP under control; explain complications (potential dangers) of uncontrolled HTN, side effects of medications (orthostatic hypotension) |
Why is hypertension referred to as the "silent killer"? | because it is frequently asymptomatic |
Symptoms of severe hypertension | fatigue, activity intolerance, heart palpitations, angina, dyspnea, dizziness, blurred vision and headache |
BP = | CO x SVR |
CO = | SV x HR |
What are contributing factors to blood pressure control? | autonomic nervous system responses, capillary shift mechanism, hormonal responses, kidney and fluid balance mechanisms and vascular endothelium |
Target BP for diabetes | <130/80 |
Target BP for renal disease | <130/80 |
target BP for diastolic and systolic HTN | <140/90 |
Target BP for proteinuria >1g/day | <125/75 |
Non-modifiable predisposing factors for HTN | age, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, gender, family hx, ethnicity (African or Native descent), SES status |
Modifiable risk factors for HTN | ETOH, smoking, excessive dietary sodium, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, stress level |
complications of HTN | CVA, CAD, left ventricular hypertrophy, heart failue, PVD, nephropathy, retinopathy |