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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Jamestown | the successful English colony in North America |
| joint stock company | A joint-stock company consisted of investors who pooled resources to fund an enterprise and, if it was successful, shared the profits. |
| john smith | Captain John Smith was a soldier and writer who is best known for his role in establishing the Virginia colony at Jamestown |
| john rolfe | john rolfe an early settler of North America known for being the first person to cultivate tobacco in Virginia and for marrying Pocahontas. |
| Indentured servant | a form of labor where an individual is under contract to work without a salary to repay an indenture or loan within a certain timeframe. |
| powhatan | Powhatan was responsible for uniting dozens of tribes into a single, powerful alliance. He was the highest authority in the region when English colonists arrived and built Jamestown. |
| house of Burgesses | the House of Burgesses was the first democratically-elected legislative body in the British American colonies |
| sepratists | The Separatists were a group that left England because they wanted to worship freely. (aka The Pilgrims) |
| plymouth | Plymouth Colony was the first permanent English colony in New England |
| mayflower compact | the first government document to be signed in the land that became the United States. |
| Squanto | Squanto helped the English settlers of Plymouth Colony |
| puritans | the Puritans were English Protestants who believed that the Church of England needed reforms. |
| Massachusetts bay | The Massachusetts Bay Colony was an English settlement in the 17th century on the east coast of North America. |
| theocracy | a system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god. |
| john winthrop | the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and a prominent figure among the Puritan founders of New England. |
| William Bradford | Bradford was influential in shaping Plymouth's government and became its governor |
| city on a hill | sermon said by John Winthrop before making the massachusetts bay colony. |
| Thomas hooker | Thomas Hooker founded the Connecticut Colony after a disagreement with the church leadership in Massachusetts. |
| roger williams | Rodger Williams was the founding father of Rhode Island |
| Rhode island | Rhode Island was one of the first permanent colony that offered religous freedom. |
| Anne Hutchinson | Considered one of the earliest American feminists, Anne Hutchinson was a spiritual leader in colonial Massachusetts |
| new netherland | New Netherland was the first Dutch colony in North America. |
| Quakers | a member of the Religious Society of Friends |
| first great awakening | The First Great Awakening was a period when spirituality and religious devotion were revived. |
| george whitefield | George Whitefield, an Anglican minister, was the central figure of the Great Awakening |
| jonathan edwards | Edwards played a critical role in shaping the First Great Awakening and oversaw some of the first revivals |
| middle passage | the forced voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the New World. |
| triangular trade | a pattern of colonial commerce connecting three regions and crossing the Atlantic Ocean |
| mercantilism | a system in which a country attempts to amass wealth through trade with other countries |
| georgia | Georgia was a buffer colony and a colony for debtors to pay off thier debt. |
| debtor | A debtor is a person who is in debt |
| james oglethorpe | He envisioned a colony that would be settled by debtors and the unemployed. |
| cash crops | Cash crops are agricultural crops that are planted for the purpose of selling on the market or for export to make profit |
| overt resistance | Ways slaves would resist that was obvious like a fight |
| navigation acts | The Navigation Acts declared what England and its colonies could import, or bring in to a place, and export, or send out to other places |
| france | Catholic and they colonized Canada and mississippi river valley |
| spain | Catholic colonized south america, Mexico, and the southwest |
| william penn | English Quaker William Penn founded Pennsylvania when King Charles II granted him a charter for over 45,000 square miles of land. |
| passive resistance | ways slaves would resist slavery that wasn't so obvious like being sick |
| Pocahontas | Pocahontas helped the struggling English settlers in Virginia survive. |