Save
Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or

show password
Forgot Password?

Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or

Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account.
Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.


Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.
focusNode
Didn't know it?
click below
 
Knew it?
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how

Stack #38928

RRC Maintenance - Hepatic conditions

questionanswer
what is hepatitis widespread inflammation of liver
hepatitis A fecal-oral route
hepatitis B spread via body fluid transmission (saliva, tears, semen, CSF, ascitic fluid, breast milk, synovial fluid, gastric fluid, pleural fluid)
hepatitis C spread via transfusion of blood and blood product
hepatitis D defective RNA virus that requires co-infection with HBV in order for replication to occur
hepatitis E fecal-oral route, commonly seen after catastrophic events that contaminate water supply in developing countries
cirrhosis chronic progressive disease characterized by excessive degeneration and destruction of liver parechymal cells
alcoholic or Laennec's cirrhosis associated with ETOH abuse...accumulation of fat in liver that can be reversible if stops consuming ETOH...if not, widespread scar formation occurs throughout liver
postnecrotic cirrhosis complication of viral, toxic or idiopathic hepatitis where broad bands of scar tissue form within the liver
biliary cirrhosis associated with chronic biliary obstruction and infection...there is diffuse fibrosis of liver with jaundice as main feature
cardiac cirrhosis results from long-standing right-sided HF in clients with cor pulmonale, constrictive pericarditis and tricuspid insufficiency
s+sx of hepatitis prodromal period = anorexia, N+V, fatigue, aethalgia myalgia, headache, photophobia...jaundice follows in about 2 weeks with alteration in taste/smell, pyrexia, tea-colored urine/clay coloured stool, weight loss, hepato/splenomegaly
Which takes longer to recover? Blood-borne or food-borne hepatitis viruses? blood borne --> B, C, D
s+sx of ETOH cirrhosis anorexia, cachexia, reduction in muscle mass, severe weakness/fatigue, spider angiomas on face/trunk, easy bruising, gynecomastia/testicular atrophy in men, anemia, gastritis, immunosuppression, splenomegaly, hypoglycemia, hypoalbuminemia, increase NH3
s+sx of biliary cirrhosis palmar pruritis, fatigue, jaundice, facial hyperpigmentation, steatorrhea, easy bruising, osteomalacia, problems with night vision, fatty deposits around eyes (xanthomas)
Kupffer cell dysfunction complication where the phagocytic action of cells is reduced in liver disease...bacterial organisms coming from the gut are not phagocytized which means that pathogens gain access to the systemic circulation and results in an increased risk for sepsis
spontaneous bacterial peritonitis pathogens migrate to ascitic fluid when there is Kupffer cell dysfunction
jaundice yellow-green discoloration of epithelial tissue dur to accumulation of bile r/t impaired synthesis/excretion of bile
portal hypertension created when the pressure increases due to obstruction of the portal vein or sinusoid dysfunction (fibrotic tissue formation in cirrhosis); body attempt to ameloriate uneven pressure gradient by creating collateral vessels - esophageal varices/hemorrhoids
esophageal varices develop due to portal hypertension and results in vessel engorgement in small vessels not well designed to manage large blood flow, therefore increased risk of hemorrhage
Why are bleeding varices considered a medical emergency? presents as painless hematemesis, exsanguination can occur and develop hypovolemic shock
Why does ascites develop in someone with hepatic failure? portal hypertension raises the hydrostatic pressure in splanchnic capillary bed and intra-hepatically and lack of synthesis of albumin result in reduction of colloid osmotic pressure...therefore fluid is pulled into peritoneal space from the vasculature
What are assessment findings r/t ascites? flank fullness, abdominal distention, fluid wave, umbilical eversion, SOB if fluid impinging on pulmonary system
treatment for ascites? bedrest (to deactivate renin-angiotensin mechanism), restrict dietary Na+ to decrease fluid retention, diuretic to decrease fluid volume, paracentesis
hepatic encephalopathy ammonia crosses the blood-brain barrier and is deposited in the brain tissue. NH3 is toxic to the body
pharmacological treatment of hepatic encephalopathy neomycin, lactulose
What is the purpose of neomycin? acts on ammonia-producing bacteria in the GI system to decrease production of NH3
What is purpose of lactulose? degrades enteric bacteria and lowers colonic pH...increase in H+ occuring due to shift in ammonia conversion to ammonium which can be excreted by feces
Why is an individual with hepatic failure put on protein restriction diet? to reduce the creation of serum ammonia which is a by-product of protein synthesis
How many BMs should your patient with hepatic failure have to help prevent hepatic encephalopathy? 3-4BMs/day
vitamin K injection given in patients with prolonged prothrombin time to shorted bleeding time
propanolol given to reduce portal hypertension to aid in control esophageal/gastric varices
why do we give a laxative/stool softener to someone with hepatic failure to prevent straining and rupturing varices
Created by: bella83
Popular Nursing sets

 

 



Voices

Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Then click the card to flip it. If you knew the answer, click the green Know box. Otherwise, click the red Don't know box.

When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, click "retry" to try those cards again.

If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just click on the card to take it out of the box.

You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows:

If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they are in the same box the next time you log in.

When you need a break, try one of the other activities listed below the flashcards like Matching, Snowman, or Hungry Bug. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out.

To see how well you know the information, try the Quiz or Test activity.

Pass complete!
"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries:
restart all cards