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CDC 3E551
Engineering Journeyman Volume 1. Survey
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Give a brief definition of a reference ellipsoid. | Another way to say datum, it is a common reference surface. |
| Where is the origin of the WGS 84 reference ellipsoid located? | On the prime meridian off the west coast of Africa in the Gulf of Guinea. |
| In what way do projections simplify the process of measuring locations? | By projecting curves onto a two-dimensional surface as straight lines. |
| Give a brief description of how to convert an azimuth to a bearing. | Determine the quadrant the azimuth is in and subtract by 0 for NE, 90 for SE, 180 for SW, or 270 for NW. |
| What does your pace not account for? | Slope in the terrain. |
| Explain how to calculate the stadia intercept. | Subtract the upper stadia line reading from the lower stadia line reading. |
| Determine the back azimuth of 33⁰, and show your work. | 180⁰ + 33⁰ = 213⁰. |
| How do we convert the magnetic azimuth when the declination is easterly? When it is westerly? | Add when easterly, subtract when westerly. |
| Describe the difference between an azimuth and a turned angle. 003. | An azimuth is a direction in degrees from north while a turned angle is the number of degrees turned from any azimuth. |
| What should the heading on each page that has measurement notes include? | Station name, date, instrument person, recorder, instrument used, and pertinent weather conditions. |
| What must voided or rejected pages reference? | A substitute page. |
| When we post-process the data, what do the line control codes do? | They draw the data using the behaviors assigned by the line control codes. |
| What are attributes and how can they add to a survey? | Additional information about the feature, they describe the characteristics of a feature. |
| What is the basic idea behind the 2-peg test? | Take two pairs of measurements, each of the same stakes, then subtract the measurements of each stake from one another, removing the values, and then subtract these differences from one another to find the error. |
| Which part of the total station does the collimation test adjust? | The microprocessor that compensates for error, or the compensator. |
| What committee created the equation for calculating allowable error for survey; what is the equation? | FGCS; C=m * √K. |
| What are the orders of accuracy determined by the FGCS? | First Order Class I, First Order Class II, Second Order Class I, Second Order Class II, Third Order. |
| (001) Which reference ellipsoid surface do we use in the Air Force? | World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84). |
| (001) To represent the ellipsoid in two dimensions, we use a projection called | Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM). |
| (001) What do we call a projection that preserves angles, as opposed to shape, area, or distance? | Conformal. |
| (001) A bearing of “South 60 degrees East” translates to an azimuth of | 120 degrees. |
| (002) What ratio is the most common stadia interval in the United States? | 1:100. |
| (002) What is parallel to lines of longitude from the Earth’s rotational axis? | Grid north. |
| (002) When correcting magnetic north to grid north, what do we do with an easterly declination? | Add to magnetic north. |
| (002) With a starting azimuth of 48⁰ and after turning counterclockwise 102⁰, what measurement is our new azimuth? | 306 degrees. |
| (003) Because someone unfamiliar with surveying may use your field notes, the field notes must be | clear and detailed. |
| (003) Since field notes are legal documents and we do not erase anything, how do we mark corrections? | Line through error, note change above the line. |
| (004) Where in our post-processing software can we find the feature definition manager? | File menu, under Tools, second on the list. |
| (004) What six feature definition types are in the feature code libraries? | Category, point, line, polygon, line control, and group. |
| (004) What feature code library command starts a line at a point? | Starts Line. |
| (004) What do we call additional information we want to collect and assign to feature codes? | Attributes. |
| (004) What are the four file types for feature code libraries? | Simple text, Nikon code list, data dictionary file, and feature/attribute library. |
| (005) At what decimal feet must the 2-peg test results be before the instrument needs calibration? | 08. |
| (005) Where in the controller menus can you find the horizontal angle (HA)/vertical angle (VA) collimation test function? | Main menu, then Instrument, then Adjust. |
| (006) What equation is used to convert millimeters (mm) to feet (ft.)? | mm * 0.0032808 = ft. |
| What are the differences between permanent and temporary markers? | Permanent markers last more than 2 years while temporary markers last less than 2 years. Permanent markers are MONs of metal encased in concrete while temporary markers can be anything from a wood stake to a piece of rebar. |
| What are the two most common types of soil categories for MONs? | Types C and G. |
| What is the formula for converting degrees, minutes, and seconds into decimal degrees? | X⁰ + (X’/60) + (X”/3600) = Decimal⁰. |
| What two values do we need to calculate the latitudes and departures? | The angle and the distance. |
| Why is it important the RP wave the rod? | The lowest reading during the wave is the level reading. |
| How do you perform a math check? What do good results look like? | Sum the values in the BS column and then Sum FS column values. If the math is good, both column sumswill be the same. |
| How do we distribute the misclosure throughout the survey? | By multiplying the adjustment by the station number. |
| If we set the number of rounds to two and the number of sets to two, how many total sets does the instrument perform? | Four. |
| What function does the “+Round” button tell the instrument to perform? | Complete an additional round of measurements and include them in the calculation. |
| What does the “Close” function in the Traverse function do? | Performs the same calculations we did during manual survey. |
| What are the orders of accuracy and their ratios? | First Order: 1:100,000; Second Order Class I: 1:50,000; Second Order Class II: 1:20,000; Third OrderClass I: 1:10,000; Third Order Class II: 1:5,000. |
| What is the Web address for the online planning tool? | www.trimble.com/gnssplanningonline/ |
| How many satellites are there in the GPS satellite constellation? | 32. |
| When is the number of satellites screen useful? | When identifying times when you may not have enough satellites for your preferred survey style or times ofhigher reliability. |
| Describe a good DOP arrangement. | Even spacing across the whole of the sky within the elevation mask. |
| How does the ionosphere affect satellite transmissions? | Slows the transmissions down. |
| What is the main thing that GPS surveyors can control? | When they perform their surveys. |
| Where is the Survey Styles option located in the survey controller software? | Listed in “Settings,” located below “General Survey.” |
| What are the two options groups we are most concerned with when setting up a Static style? | Rover Options and Base Options. |
| As of 2017, what was the DOD ordered to stop using? | GLONASS. |
| Where are the L1/L2 FastStatic times located? | Measure points options on the first page. |
| Where is the “Receiver Files” option located in the survey software? | In “General Survey” listed under “Instrument.” |
| How many files do we need from the controller to process Static survey data? | Two, the .T02 file from the base receiver, and the .t02 file from the rover controller. |
| What is the Web address for the OPUS? | www.ngs.noaa.gov/OPUS/. |
| What file format do we need to convert the base receiver file to before we can get its corrections? | 18o. |
| Where do we enter the corrected base coordinates after importing the base receiver file into the post-processing software? | The Projection Definition window. |
| What are the four non-US satellite constellations and who are their owners? | GLONASS, Russia; Galileo, European Union; QZSS, Japan; BeiDou, China. |
| During initialization, what four things is the rover doing? | Downloading a copy of the satellite almanac, collecting the current time information, logging ephemerisdata, and calculating its location. |
| What four options are we concerned with when creating a RTK survey style? | Rover, base, rover radio configuration, and base radio configuration. |
| What are the advantages of using cell phone kits? | Cell phone kits are small, lightweight, require low power, and are economically priced. |
| (007) Which US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) engineering manual (EM) has comprehensive Instructions on monument installation? | 1110–1–1005. |
| (007) How many years are temporary monument markers expected to last? | Two. |
| (007) Regarding installing survey monuments, what are the two most common soil types? | C and G. |
| (007) For which materials are bronze disk monuments best suited? | Bedrock or concrete permanent structures. |
| (008) Convert 30⁰10’20” into decimal degrees to three decimals. | 30.175⁰. |
| (008) When adjusting a traverse, which columns do we total to get the misclosure? | Latitude and departure. |
| (008) How do we decide the proportion of misclosure a latitude or departure receives? | Proportion of horizontal distance. |
| (008) What determines the precision requirements of a survey? | Purpose. |
| (009) We prefer level-loop surveys because we can check the | quality of the survey. |
| (009) What value minus the height of instrument (HI) equals the elevation? | Foresight. |
| (010) After robotic total station setup, which screen provides you, as the surveyor, the chance to identify any mistakes when entering data? | Station setup results. |
| (010) Which checkbox, in the measure rounds options, tells the instrument to measure without surveyor input? | Auto-measure Passive Targets. |
| (010) Where in the survey controller menus can you find the traverse computation function? | Second page of the coordinate geometry (COGO) menu. |
| (011) What is the Web address for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Planning Online? | www.trimble.com/gnssplanningonline/. |
| (011) Which Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Planning Online screen allows you to set the location of your survey? | Settings. |
| (011) Which Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Planning Online screen lists and provides satellite information in different constellations and allows you to include or ignore specific satellites? | Satellite Library. |
| (011) In the best-case scenario or ideal survey times, which value is better if it is lower? | Satellite elevation. |
| (011) When is ionospheric information available for consideration for quality control? | After survey. |
| (012) Where are the Survey Styles functions in the survey controller software? | Below General Survey in Settings. |
| (012) We have two survey receivers but only one controller. The logging device setting for the rover is | Controller. |
| (012) As of 2017, federal agencies, including the Department of Defense (DOD), were ordered to discontinue the use of which satellite constellation? | Globalnaya navigatsionnaya sputnikovaya sistema (GLONASS). |
| (012) After setting up the base receiver, we can disconnect the controller; which base option allows us to do this? | Elevation mask. |
| (012) When retrieving files from the receiver, which General Survey menu do we select first? | Instrument. |
| (012) Which two files do we need to post-process the survey data for a Static survey? | Receiver’s .T02 and the controller’s .t02. |
| (012) What is the Web address for the Online Positioning User Service (OPUS) processing service? | www.ngs.noaa.gov/OPUS/. |
| (012) Which file format does the Online Positioning User Service (OPUS) Web service require to process survey data? | 18o. |
| (012) As displayed on the Online Positioning User Service (OPUS) Website, Rapid-Static surveys are less than but Static surveys are more than how many hours? | 24. |
| (012) The response e-mail from the Online Positioning User Service (OPUS) has a lot of information; what information are we looking for to adjust our survey data? | Northing (Y) and Easting (X). |
| (012) When adding the .T02 file to the post processing software, where do you add the corrected Online Positioning User Service (OPUS) coordinates? | Import/Export Manager. |
| (012) Under which tab do we find the Process Baselines tool? | Survey. |
| (013) How many seconds do we set our post-processed kinematic (PPK) observation times to in order to ensure sub-centimeter accuracy? | 30 |
| (014) When setting up real-time kinematic (RTK) survey styles, how do we access the radio settings? | Select Connect at the bottom of the radio settings menu. |
| What are the two types of resolution in topographic surveys? | Curve and grid. |
| In the post-processing software, where is the “Create Contours” tool located? | Under the “Surfaces” tab, under the “Contours” section. |
| When selecting points in the Select Points menu, what happens if we leave all the options blank? | The program will default to selecting all the points. |
| What does the Contour interval setting do? | Sets how frequent contour lines are drawn. |
| What does the Index contour frequency setting do? | Adjusts how often the program generates a contour line with an elevation label. |
| What does the smooth contours checkbox do? | Rounds off any jagged edges and replaces them with smooth curves. |
| Where is the text style manager located? | Under the “CAD” tab, in the “Text” section. |
| Where is the export tool located? | Under the “Home” tab. |
| How often should mishap survey training and equipment inventory occur? | Every 6 months. |
| Why is it important that the SPC speak with HAZMAT personnel upon site arrival? | Aircraft can carry several types of dangerous materials, which may be present at the site. |
| Upon discovery of explosives, what is one way of communicating you should not use? | Radio. |
| What three purposes do forensics teams use mishap site data? | Forensics teams determine impact angles, velocities, and potential causes of the mishap. |
| What are two agencies you can check with to get site imagery? | MAJCOM and AFCEC. |
| What is the minimum slope of a 3- to 6-inch sewer pipe? | 1 inch per 8 ft., or .01 ft. per ft. |
| What is the equation to calculate pipe gradient? | Gradient = fall / distance |
| Where should we be sure to place the offset stakes? | Opposite side of the ditch from the excavated fill. |
| How do we determine the cut after getting the IEs? | Subtract the IEs from the station elevations. |
| Where do we mark the station number on the cut stakes? | On the back of the stake, facing away from the ditch. |
| For what do we use utility batter boards? | Fine-tuning IEs. |
| When installing them, what do batter boards consist of? | Three 2 x 4 stakes driven into the ground with a crosspiece of 1 x 4 or 1 x 6 lumber nailed to each stake. |
| What do we call the difference between the HI and the subgrade elevation? | Grade rod value. |
| How do we determine the amount to cut at a station after we gave the grade rod elevation? | Subtract the grade rod from the ground rod. |
| What do we do if the grade rod is smaller than the ground rod at a station? | Instead of cut, we fill. |
| What characteristic allows us to change the size of a 3-4-5 triangle to a 30-40-50 triangle? | Proportionality. |
| What is the first thing we need to establish to begin using the 3-4-5 triangle? | A baseline. |
| (015) The higher the number of points that define a line feature, the higher the | resolution. |
| (015) Contours generated from a grid pattern are closer to reality if they have a | higher resolution. |
| (015) When creating a surface, into which shape does the software group the points? | Triangle. |
| (015) We find the Create Contours tool in the survey software in the | Contours section of the Surfaces tab. |
| (015) Which contour option, while using survey software, allows you to adjust the frequency of contour lines? | Contour interval. |
| (015) Which contour option, while using survey software, allows you to adjust how often a labeled contour line is generated? | Index contour frequency. |
| (015) Where is the Text Style Manager tool located in the survey software? | “CAD” tab, Text section. |
| (016) How often, in months, do we conduct inventory on mishap survey kits? | 6. |
| (016) When looking for imagery of a mishap location, what is a good backup source for imagery? | Air Force Civil Engineer Center (AFCEC) reach back center. |
| (017) What characteristic of sewer pipe installation prevents blockage build up? | Uniformity. |
| (017) When installing offset grade stakes, what factor do we base their placement interval on? | Length of pipe sections. |
| (017) We use the sum of the foresight (FS) and adjusted cut (ADJ CUT) to verify the | depth and gradient of trench. |
| (017) When marking cut stakes, where do we mark the cut line on the stake? | Bottom of the rod when the instrument operator sees the adjusted FS. |
| (017) What path do the utility batter boards follow? | Parallel to the pipe trench. |
| (017) Which equation do we use to check if our batter boards are square? | a2 + b2 = c2. |
| (018) What indicates the exact grade elevations to the construction force? | |
| (018) The amount of cut or fill is equal to | |
| (018) To what is the ground rod value equal? a. Foresight | |
| (018) To make it easier for the equipment operators, grade stakes are marked to the nearest | |
| (018) To what elevation value are the tops of blue top stakes equal? | |
| (018) From which three positions are road curves staked? | |
| (018) When staking from an intermediate setup, we first backsight the previous station, then plunge the scope. What is the third and final step? | |
| (018) What equipment do we need to install/set slope stakes? | |
| (019) What is a beneficial characteristic of the 3–4–5 triangle layout? | |
| (019) To ensure the 3–4–5 triangle process is efficient, you should have a single | |
| (020) What is Dr. Stone's catch phrase? Dubbed or subbed? | "Get excited"; dubbed |
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