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701 - Evidence

TermDefinition
Fossils - Preserved remains
homologous structures - Same underlying structure but different function Example: the human arm and a bat's wings have the same bones
Vestigial structures - A structure that is present in an organism but no longer serves its original purpose Example: whale hip bones
molecular genetics - the study of the structure and function of chromosomes and genes Considered the most important evidence for evolution
List evidence for evolution - Fossils, homologous structures, vestigial structures, molecular genetics,
How do homologous structures support the theory of evolution? - The best explanation for wings and arms using the same bones is that they evolved from the same ancestor Otherwise, there's no good reason for them to be made of the same bones
How do fossils support the theory of evolution? - They show species gradually changing into new species over time
How do vestigial structures support the theory of evolution? - The only reason for a whale to have hip bones would be if whales evolved from an ancestor with legs
How does molecular genetics support the theory of evolution? - First, all living things use the same genetic code If living things were not related, they might each use a different genetic code Second, living things that are more closely related have similar DNA Ex: humans and chimpanzees vs humans and ants
common ancestor - the shared ancestor of two or more species example: all mammals descend from a common ancestor mammal
"descend from" - to be related to an organism that lived in the past we each descend from our ancestors whales descend from a terrestrial mammal
ancestral - having to do with ancestors an "ancestral trait" would be a trait an ancestor had
Created by: Mr. Ford
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