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Medical Gas Therapy
Unit 2 RCT Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the three types of oxygen delivery? | (1) Low-flow, (2) High-flow, and (3)Reservoir. |
| What are three ways to determine the need for oxygen therapy? | Documented labs, a specific clinical problem or condition, and hypoxemia (which can cause other problems). |
| What are the indications for oxygen therapy? | Documented hypoxemia, acute care situations in which hypoxemia is suspected, severe trauma, acute myocardial infarction, post op patients and surgical intervention i.e. post-anesthesia recovery. shock, certain premature pts, pulmonary embolus. |
| What are the AARC precautions and possible complications of oxygen therapy? | A PaO2 greater than 60 mmHg, ventilator depression may occur in patients with an elevated PaCO2 creating hypoxic drive, |
| What is an air entrainment system? | It delivers direct high-pressure oxygen through a small nozzle or jet surrounded by ports. It depends on the air-to-oxygen ratio and amount of flow resistance downstream for the mixing site. |
| How can the Respiratory Therapist help in avoiding oxygen toxicity? | Limit patient exposure to 100% oxygen to less than 24 hours whenever possible. |
| What are the clinical objectives for oxygen therapy? | To correct documented or suspected acute arterial hypoxemia, decrease symptoms associated with chronic hypoxemia, and to decrease the workload hypoxemia imposes on the cardiopulmonary system |
| Why do COPD patients tend to hyperventilate when given oxygen? | This is likely due to the suppression of their hypoxic drive. |
| What is documented hypoxemia evidenced by? | By a PaO2 less than 60 mmHg, and an SaO2 less than 90% while breathing room air. |
| What are enclosures? | They are the oldest form of oxygen therapy, such as oxygen tents, hoods, and incubators. |
| What are some examples of a reservoir system? | Reservoir cannula, reservoir mask, and non-rebreathing reservoir circuit. |
| Describe a flow of less than 5 L/min in a reservoir mask? | It acts as dead space and causes CO2 rebreathing. |
| What is heliox therapy? | It is used to reduce the work of breathing, in patients with severe acute asthma or upper airway obstructions until the primary problem can be resolved. |
| What is a high-flow nasal cannula? | It is popular for pediatric and neonatal patients with disorders including bronchoiolitis and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. |
| What is the high-flow system? | Oxygen therapy equipment that supplies inspired gases at a consistent preset oxygen concentration. |
| How does oxygen therapy correct hypoxemia? | By increasing the alveolar and blood levels of oxygen. |
| What is hyperbaric oxygen therapy? | The therapeutic application of oxygen at pressures greater than one atm. |
| Hypoxemia can cause other manifestation such as? | Tachypnea, tachycardia, cyanosis, and a distressed appearance. |
| What is a low-flow system? | Tthe patient’s inspiratory flow often exceeds that delivered by the device; the result is air dilution (shaded areas) the greater the pts inspiratory flow the more air is breathed, and the lower the FIO2 is. |
| What are the most common air entrainment devices? | Air entrainment mask (i.e. Venturi mask) and air entrainment nebulizer. |
| What devices are examples of low flow systems? | a nasal cannula, nasal catheter, and transtracheal catheter. |
| What are oxygen hoods? | The best method for controlled oxygen therapy for infants and also allows access for infant care. It has a heated air entrainment nebulizer or blending system with a humidifier |
| What are oxygen tents? | A method for delivering cooled oxygen to pediatric patients. The opening often makes it hard to keep the oxygen concentration at the needed level. It’s used mostly for pediatric aerosols for croup. |
| What is a reservoir mask? | It is the most common reservoir system. The types include: simple mask, partial re-breathing mask, and nonrebreathing mask. |
| What is a reservoir system? | An oxygen delivery system that provides a reservoir oxygen volume that the patient taps into when the patient’s inspiratory flow exceeds the device flow. |
| What is retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)? | An abnormal ocular condition that occurs in some premature or low birth-weight infants who receive oxygen |
| What SpO2 threshold value indicates the need for oxygen therapy? | Less than 90% for a normal, healthy adult |
| What are the two types of reservoir cannulas? | Nasal reservoir and pendant reservoir. |
| How is a transtracheal catheter placed? | A physician surgically inserts this thin polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) catheter with a guidewire directly into the trachea between the second and third tra |
| What are determining factors for oxygen toxicity? | The PO2 and exposure time. |
| What are examples of high flow oxygen delivery systems? | They provide 100% of the patient’s oxygen needs. Examples are: High flow nasal cannula, Cascade high-flow, Passover high-flow, and Venturi Mask. |
| What are examples of low flow oxygen delivery systems? | They provide part of the patient’s oxygen needs. Examples are: Nasal cannula, regular mask, partial rebreather mask, oxymizer, and a non-rebreather mask. |
| What are three goals of oxygen therapy? | (1) Correct documented or suspected acute Hypoxemia, (2) Decrease symptoms associated with chronic hypoxemia, and (3) Decrease the workload hypoxemia imposes on the cardiopulmonary system. |
| What does a high-flow nasal cannula provide? | It provides a high FiO2, high relative humidity, and positive pressure. |
| What does oxygen toxicity primarily affect? | The lungs and CNS. |
| What happens in retinopathy of prematurity? | Excessive blood oxygen levels cause retinal vasoconstriction and necrosis. |
| What is an Oxygen hood (Oxyhood)? | It is generally the best method for delivering controlled oxygen to infants and allows access for care. |
| Who is at risk of Absorption atelectasis? | Patients breathing small tidal volumes with an FiO2 above 0.50 are at great risk. |
| What is the overall goal of oxygen therapy? | To maintain adequate tissue oxygenation while minimizing cardiopulmonary work. |
| What are the three specific clinical objectives for oxygen therapy? | (1) To correct documented or suspected acute hypoxemia, (2) to decrease the symptoms associated with chronic hypoxemia, and (3) to decrease the workload hypoxemia imposes on the cardiopulmonary system. |
| What are the 4 major harmful effects of oxygen therapy? | Oxygen toxicity, depression of ventilation, retinopathy of prematurity, and absorption atelectasis. |
| How do air entrainment systems operate? | They direct a high-pressure oxygen source through a small nozzle or jet surrounded by air entrainment ports |
| What 2 factors affect the amount of air entrained? | The jet size or orifice and the air entrainment port size. |
| What effect does the jet size have on the way the air entrainment system operates? | The smaller the jet the higher the velocity, the higher the velocity the more air entrained so the lower the FiO2 and the greater the total output flow. |
| What effect does the air entrainment port size have on the system? | The larger the air entrainment port the more air is entrained so the lower the FiO2 and the greater the total output flow. |
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asiap23
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