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Med Term
Ch 6,7,8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| absorption | process by which completely digested nutrients are transported to the cells throughout the body. |
| tonsils | 3 masses of lymphoid tissue that form a protective ring around the back of the nose and upper throat; prevent pathogens from entering the body through the nose and mouth. |
| adenoids | aka - nasopharyngeal tonsils ; located in the nasopharynx |
| palatine tonsils | located on the left and right sides of the throat in the area that is visible through the mouth; palatine - hard and soft palates. |
| Peyer's patches | work with the immune system to protect against the entry of pathogens thru the digestive system; located on the walls of the ileum. |
| ileum | last section of the small intestine. |
| cecum | first section of the large intestine. |
| spleen | sac like mass of lymphoid tissue located in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen; just below the diaphragm & behind the stomach; filters microorganisms & other foreign material in the blood; forms lymphocytes and monocytes. |
| hemolytic | destroys worn out red blood cells and releases their hemoglobin for reuse. |
| -lytic | to destroy. |
| malignant | potentially life threatening. |
| antigen | any substance that the body regards as being foreign, viruses, bacteria, toxins & transported tissues; immune system immediately responds to its presence. |
| antibody | disease fighting protein created by the immune system in response to the presence of a specific antigen. |
| passive immunity | passed from mother to child through breast milk. |
| vaccination | aka - immunization; provides protection for susceptible individuals from communicable diseases by the administration of a vaccine to provide acquired immunity against a specific disease. |
| scratch test | diagnostic test to identify commonly troublesome allergens such as tree pollen & ragweed; swelling and itching indicate an allergic reaction. |
| autoimmune disorder | aka - autoimmune disease; any of a large group of diseases characterized by a condition in which the immune system produces antibodies against its own tissues. |
| immunodeficiency disorder | occurs when immune response is compromised (weakened, reduced, absent, not functioning properly) |
| human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) | bloodborne infection in which the virus damages or kills the cells of the immune system; causing it to fail, thus leaving the body at risk for developing many life threatening infections. |
| ELISA | "enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay"; a blood test used to screen for the presence of HIV antibodies. |
| Western blot test | blood test that produces more accurate results than ELISA. |
| immunotherapy | disease treatment that involves either stimulating or repressing the immune response. |
| monoclonal antibodies | any of a class of antibodies produced in the labaratory by identical offspring of a clone of specific cells. |
| immunosuppressant | substance that prevents or reduces the body's normal immune response; prevents the rejection of donor tissues & depress autoimmune disorder. |
| rickettsia | small bacterium that lives in lice, fleas, ticks, and mites. |
| spirochetes | spiral shaped bacteria that have flexible walls and are capable of movement. |
| streptococci | bacteria that form a chain; strep throat, meningities, endocarditis, necrotizing fasciitis. |
| viruses | very small infectious agents that live only by invading other cells; after invasion, it reproduces and breaks the wall to release newly formed viruses. |
| rubella | "german measles";"3 day measles"; viral infection; low grade fever, swollen glands, inflamed eyes, pink rash. |
| varicella | "chicken pox"; caused by herpes virus 'varicella zoster'; highly contagious. |
| cytomegalovirus | member of herpes virus family that causes a variety of diseases. |
| antifungal | agent that destroys or inhibits the growth of fungi. |
| antiviral | provides temporary immunity to viral infections. |
| benign | noncancerous; not life threatening; can cause problems by placing pressure on adjacent structures. |
| myosarcoma | malignant tumor derived from muscle tissue. |
| angiogenesis | process thru which the tumor supports its growth by creating its own blood supply. |
| anti-angiogenesis | treatment that disrupts the blood supply to the tumor. |
| metastasize | process by which cancer spreads from the primary site to a secondary site. |
| metastasis | new cancer site that results from the spreading process; within the same body system OR within another body system. |
| carcinoma | malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue. |
| carcinoma in situ | malignant tumor in its original position that has not yet disturbed or invaded the surrounding tissues. |
| adenocarcinoma | any one of a large group of carcinomas derived from glandular tissue. |
| osteosarcoma | malignant tumor usually involving the upper shaft of the long bones, the pelvis, or knee. |
| staging | process of classifying tumors w/ respect to how far the disease has progressed, the potential for its responding to therapy; and the patient's prognosis. |
| antineoplastic | medication that blocks the development, growth, or proliferation of malignant cells. |
| pharynx | "throat"; receives air after it passes through the nose; made up of 3 divisions. |
| oropharynx | 2nd portion; portion visible when looking into the mouth; transports air and fluids downward to the laryngopharynx (from respiratory and digestive systems) |
| larynx | "voice box"; triangular chamber located between the pharynx and trachea; contains vocal cords. |
| epiglottis | lid like structure located at the base of the tongue; swings downward & closes off the laryngopharynx so that food does not enter the trachea and lungs. |
| trachea | "windpipe"; tube located directly in front of the esophagus that extends from the neck to the chest. |
| bronchioles | smallest branches of the bronchi. |
| alveoli | "air sacs"; very small, grapelike clusters found at the end of each bronchiole; each lung contains millions. |
| respiration | exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide that is essential to life; one inhalation - one exhalation. |
| inhalation | act of takin in airas the diaphragm contracts and pulls downward. |
| exhalation | act of breathing out; forces air out of the lungs. |
| external respiration | act of bringing air into & out of the lungs and exchanging gases from this air. |
| internal respiration | exchange of gases within the cells of the body organs; oxygen passes from bloodstream to the cells. |
| emphysema | progressive loss of lung function: decrease in # of alveoli; enlargement of remaining alveoli; progressive destruction of te walls of the remaining alveoli; breathing becomes increasingly rapid, shallow, and difficult. |
| asthma | chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing. |
| allergic rhinitis | "allergy"; allergic reaction to airborne allergens that cause an increased flow of mucus. |
| croup | acute respiratory syndrome in children & infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and a barking cough. |
| diptheria | now prevented by immunization; acute bacterial infection of the throat and upper resp tract; toxins produced can damage the heart muscle and peripheral nerves. |
| influenza | "flu"; acute, highly contagious viral respiratory iinfectionn that is spread by resp droplets & occurs mostly in epidemics in the colder months. |
| pertussis | "whooping cough"; contagious bacterial infection of the upper resp tract that is characterized by recurrent bouts of a paroxysmal (sudden) cough, breathlessness, & noisy respiration. |
| laryngoplegia | paralysis of the larynx. |
| laryngospasm | sudden spasmodic closure of the larynx. |
| aphonia | loss of the ability of the larynx to produce normal speech sounds. |
| dysphonia | any change in vocal quality, including hoarseness, weakness, or the cracking of a boy's voice during puberty. |
| laryngitis | inflammation of the larynx. |
| pleurisy | "pleuritis"; inflammation of the pleura that produces sharp chest pains w/ each breath; can be caused by flu or some type of damage to the pleura. |
| pneumothorax | accumulation of air in the pleural space causing a pressure imbalance that presents the lung from fully expanding or can cause it to collapse. (could be from stab wound) |
| hemoptysis | coughing up of blood or bloodstained sputum derived from the lungs or bronchial tubes as the result of a pulmonary or bronchial hemorrhage. |
| pyothorax | presence of pus in the pleural cavity between the layers of the pleural membrane. |
| tuberculosis | infectious disease that attacks the lungs. |
| cystic fibrosis | genetic disorder in which the lungs & pancreas are clogged w large quantities of abnormally thick mucus. |
| eupnea | easy or normal breathing. |
| apnea | absence of spontaneous respiration. |
| bradypnea | abnormally slow rate of respiration, usually of less than 10 breaths per minute. |
| tachypnea | abnormally rapid rate of respiration usually of more than 20 breaths per minute. |
| Cheyne-Stokes respiration | pattern of alternating periods of hypopnea or apnea, followed by hyperapnea. |
| dyspnea | "shortness of breath" (SOB); difficult or labored breathing; symptom of heart failure, physical exertion, lung damage. |
| hyperpnea | associated w/ exertion; breathing that is deeper and more rapid than normal at rest. |
| hypopnea | shallow or slow respiration. |
| hyperventilation | abnormally rapid rate of deep respiration that is usually associated w/ anxiety. |
| cyanosis | bluish discoloration of skin caused by inadequate oxygen supply. |
| hypoxemia | condition of having below normal oxygen level in blood. |
| polysomnography | "sleep apnea study"; measures physiological activity during sleep and is most often performed to detect nocturnal defects in breathing associated w/ sleep apnea. |
| esophagus | muscular tube through which ingested food passes from the pharynx to the stomach. |
| rugae | folds in the mucosa lining the stomach. |
| pyloric sphincter | ring like muscle that controls the flow from the stomach to the duodenum of the small intestine. |
| jejunum | middle portion of the small intestine; extends from duodenum to ileum. |
| rectum | widest division of the large intestine; makes up last 4 inches of the large intestine; ends at the anus. |
| liver | large organ located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen; helps remove toxins from blood and turns food into fuel and nutrients the body needs. |
| bilirubin | pigment produced from the destruction of hemoglobin; is released by the liver in bile. |
| pancreas | soft; 6" long oblong gland that is located behind the stomach. |
| metabolism | all of the processes involved in the body's use of nutrients. |
| catabolism | breaking down of body cells or substances; releasing energy, and carbon dioxide. |
| peristalsis | series of wave-like contractions of the smooth muscles in a single direction. |
| borborygmus | rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine. |
| flatulence | "flatus"; passage of gas out of the body through the rectum. |
| bruxism | involuntary grinding or clenching of the teeth that usually occurs during sleep and is associated with tension or stress. |
| dental plaque | major cause of dental caries and periodontal disease, forms as a soft deposit in sheltered areas near gums and between the teeth. |
| dysphagia | difficulty in swallowing. |
| pyrosis | "heartburn"; burning sensation caused by the return of acidic stomach contents into the esophagus. |
| gastrorrhea | excessive secretion of gastric juice or mucus in the stomach. |
| anorexia nervosa | eating disorder characterized by a false perception of body appearance; voluntary starvation & excessive exercising causes patient to become abnormally thin. |
| bulimia nervosa | eating disorder caused by frequent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as self induced vomiting, laxatives, diuretics, and other medications. |
| pica | abnormal craving or appetite for nonfood substances, such as dirt, paint or clay that lasts for at least one month. |
| dyspepsia | "indigestion"; pain or discomfort in digestion. |
| eructation | act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach. |
| Chrohn's disease | chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract; however, it is most often found in the ileum and colon. |
| volvulus | twisting of the intestine on itself that causes an obstruction; usually happens in infancy. |
| intussusception | telescoping of one part of the small intestine into the opening of an immediately adjacent part. |
| jaundice | yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and the eyes; caused by excessive amounts of bilirubin in the blood. |
| cirrhosis | progressive degenerative disease of the liver that is often caused by excessive alcohol use or by viral Hep B or C. (cirrh=yellow) |
| cholecystalgia | pain in the gallbladder. |
| cholelithiasis | presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts. |
| adam's apple | thyroid cartilage; the largest and enlarged. |
| amebic dysentery | transmitted by food or water that is contaminated due to poor sanitary conditions. |
| anastomosis | surgical connection between 2 hollow or tubular structures. |
| appendix | hangs from lower portion of cecum; worm like shaped; consists of lymphoid tissue. |
| aspiration | inhaling or drawing a foreign substance into the upper respiratory tract. |
| bactericide | substance that causes the death of bacteria. (i.e. antibiotics) |
| bacteriostatic | agent that slows or stops the growth of bacteria. |
| cholecystectomy | surgical removal of the gallbladder. |
| diverticulectomy | surgical removal of diverticulum. |
| E. coli | transmitted through contaminated foods that have not been cooked properly. |
| botulism | "food poisoning"; rare but very serious condition transmitted through contaminated food or an infected wound. |
| emaciation | abnormally thin. |
| embolus | foreign object, such as a blood clot, quantity of air or gas, or a bit of tissue or tumor that is circulating in the blood. |
| endotracheal intubation | passage of a tube through the nose or mouth into the trachea to establish or maintain an open airway. |
| esophagogastroduodenoscopy | endoscopic procedure that allows direct visualization of the upper GI tract which includes the esophagus, stomach, and upper duodenum. |
| gastric bypass | surgically makes the stomach smaller and causes food to bypass the first part of the small intestine; not reversible. |
| gastritis | common inflammation of the stomach lining that is often caused by the bacterium helicobacter pylori. |
| hiatal hernia | condition in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest, through an opening in the diaphragm. |
| immunization | "vaccination"; providing protection for susceptible individuals from communicable diseases by the administration of a vaccine to provide acquired immunity against a specific disease. |
| lupus | autoimmune disorder characterized by a red, scaly rash on the face and upper trunk; can also affect connective tissues such as joints. |
Created by:
brandy78
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