Help
Options
Term
pharmacogenetics
click to flip
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't know
Term
loading dose
Remaining cards (61)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
322 Week 2/3
322 Exam 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| pharmacogenetics | unique differences in response to drugs that are individual based on genes |
| loading dose | extra dose puts drug into effect, used with drugs that have a longer half life |
| pharmacogenetics is used to | improve outcomes, customize plan of care, decrease adverse affects, reduce cost, decrease treatment failures |
| trade names | proprietary, given to by pharmaceutical company, brand names; upper case Advil, Tylenol |
| generic names | cheaper option, drugs will be ordered by this name; the original destination that the drug was given when company applied |
| absorption is dependent on | speed of gastric emptying, gastric pH, formation of drug complexes |
| biotransformation | metabolism, in the liver, how is the drug broken down |
| excretion | through the kidney and bile, sweat, saliva; affected by pH and renal condition |
| onset | time it takes for drugs to reach minimum effective concentration |
| peak | drug reaches highest concentration in the blood |
| duration | length of time the drug exerts a therapeutic effect |
| peak drug level | highest plasma concentration; indicates rate of absorption |
| trough drug level | lowest plasma concentration; rate of elimination; levels are drawn before next dose is given |
| metoclopramide | direct acting cholinergic agonist; treats gastroparesis, nausea, GERD |
| bethanechol | direct acting cholinergic agonist; increase urination; stimulates contraction of the bladder |
| anticholinergic side effects | dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, increased heart rate |
| anticholinergic contraindications | glaucoma, obstructive GI disorders, ulcerative colitis, BPH, myasthenia gravis |
| anticholinergics main effects | decrease secretions, bronchodilate, dilate pupils; slow down |
| atropine | anticholinergic increases heart rate, used to decrease salivation |
| epinephrine uses | asthma , bronchospasm, anaphylaxis |
| phase 1 clinical trial | healthy, tightly controlled with no comorbidities, evaluates safe dosage range and pharmacokinetics |
| phase 2 clinical trial | given to people with the disease, determines therapeutic effects, safety and effectiveness |
| phase 3 clinical trial | drug is in vast clinical market, prescribers observe and monitor adverse effects |
| phase 4 clinical trial | post marketing surveillance, approved by FDA |
| first pass occurs in the | liver, some drugs are inactivated and may require a higher dose |
| high distribution | small, lipid soluble, unbound |
| low distribution | water soluble, large, bound |
| cytochrome p450 | converts drugs to metabolites in the liver |
| PNS and SNS regulate | HR, BP, respirations, temperature, water balance, digestion |
| neurotransmitter in SNS | norepinephrine |
| selective alpha blocker | vasodilation |
| nonselective alpha blocker | lower BP, reflexive tachycardia |
| selective beta blocker | decrease HR and BP; metoprolol and atenolol |
| nonselective beta blocker | decrease HR and BP, bronchoconstriction; propanolol |
| neurotransmitter of PNS | acetylcholine; responsible for cardiac contractions and blood pressure |
| reversible indirect cholinergic agonists | promote pupil constriction in glaucoma, increase strength in myasthenia gravis |
| anticholinergics are contraindicated with | glaucoma |
| alpha 1 receptor | increase cardiac contractility, vasoconstriction, dilate pupils, decrease salivary gland secretion, urinary bladder relaxation |
| alpha 2 receptor | inhibits norepinephrine release, vasodilation, decrease BP, decrease GI motility and tone |
| beta 1 receptor | increase cardiac contractility, heart rate, increase renin secretion, increase BP |
| beta 2 receptor | decrease GI tone and motility, bronchodilation, increase blood flow to skeletal muscles, relax smooth muscle of uterus, liver glycogenolysis, increase blood glucose |
| metoprolol/ atenolol | blocks beta 1 only, decrease BP and HR |
| most commonly prescribed medications impacting the autonomic nervous system | adrenergic agonists |
| fight or flight response | increased heart rate, increased sweating, dilated pupils |
| cholinergic neurons release | acetylcholine |
| adrenergic neurons release | noreprinephrine |
| alpha 1 | receptors stimulate smooth muscle contraction |
| beta 1 | receptors stimulate increased heart rate and contractility |
| beta 2 | receptors relax smooth muscle |
| stimulation of sympathetic nervous system | tachycardia, hyperglycemia, dilated pupils, bronchodilation, sweating |
| stimulation of parasympathetic nervous system | bradycardia, bronchoconstriction, constrict pupils, bladder contraction |
| tachyphalaxis | acute, rapid decrease in drug responsiveness |
| atenolol | decrease BP and HR, selective beta blocker |
| bethanechol contraindication | asthma |
| benztropine | anti parkinsonism |
| cholinergic effect | increased pupil constriction, increase heart rate and BP, increase secretions, increased GI motility |
| side effects of adrenergic agonists | bradycardia, bronchoconstriction |
| epinephrine is not given PO because of it's | first pass effect |
| beta 2 action for epinephrine | bronchodilation |
| beta 2 adrenergic agonist | albuterol sulfate; treats bronchospasm |
| alpha 1 action for epinephrine | increase BP |
| selective alpha antagonist | terazosin hydrochloride |
Created by:
ahommel
Popular Nursing sets