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PSYCH TEST REVIEW
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is mental health? | Successful adaptation to stressors from internal or external environments evidenced by thoughts, etc. that are age appropriate. |
| What is mental illness? | Maladaptive response to stressors from internal or external environment evidenced by thoughts that are incongruent with cultural norms and interfere with normal functions. |
| What is the 1st level of Maslow's hierarchy? | Food, shelter, sleep (physiological needs) |
| What is the 2nd level of Maslow's hierarchy? | health, property, family (safety and security) |
| What is the 3rd level of Maslow's hierarchy? | friendship and intimacy (love and belonging) |
| What is the 4th level of Maslow's hierarchy? | Confidence and respect for others (self-esteem/esteem of others) |
| What is the 5th level of Maslow's hierarchy? | Creative, self-act (self-actualization) |
| What framework does Maslow's hierarchy belong to? | Humanistic Framework-->focuses on a person's behavioral issues, goal-oriented |
| What are the stages of grief? | Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance *not everyone will go through in this specific order |
| What is Pathlo's 4 levels of anxiety? | Mild, Moderate, Severe, Panic |
| What are manifestations for mild anxiety? | can motivate one to positively perform at a high level; helps a person to focus on the situation at hand (best time to do patient teaching) |
| What are the manifestations for moderate anxiety? | narrowing of the perpetual field; trouble attending to their surroundings; can follow commands/direction |
| What are the manifestations for severe anxiety? | unable to attend to surroundings except for maybe a detail; physical symptoms may develop; anxiety relief is the goal |
| What are the manifestations for panic? | Terror; only concern is to escape; communication impossible at this point; They may be unaware of any psychological problem (anosognosia). |
| What drugs are used for anxiety? | Benzodiazepines (-lam, -pam) |
| What are neurotransmitters? | Chemical substances that neurons release that allow them to communicate with one another. |
| What are cholinergic neurotransmitters? | Acetylcholine: functions include sleep, arousal, pain, perception, motor control, learning, and memory. Implicated in disorders of motor behavior and memory like Parkinson's/Huntington's/ Alzheimer's |
| What is the function of serotonin? | May play a role in sleep and arousal, libido, appetite, mood, aggression, and pain perception. Implicated in certain psychopathological conditions including anxiety states, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. |
| What is serotonin important in? | Depression |
| What is the function of dopamine? | regulation of movements and coordination, emotions, voluntary decision-making ability. |
| What are INCREASED dopamine levels associated with? | mania and schizophrenia |
| What are DECREASED dopamine levels associated with? | depression and parkinson's |
| What are monoamines? | Norepinephrine/dopamine |
| What are monoamines responsible for? | Mood [depression and mania], cognition, perception, attention; cardio functioning, and sleep |
| What is the function of norepinephrine? | Produces activity at the postsynaptic nerve terminals in the ANS, resulting in fight or flight |
| What are GABAs? | inhibitory amino acids that send messages between brain and nervous system preventing postsynaptic excitation interrupting the progression of electrical impulse. |
| What are GABA system alterations? | Anxiety disorders, movement disorders (ex. Huntington's), various forms of epilepsy. When in complex interactions such as dopamine-substance use and disorders and addiction |
| What meds enhance the GABA system? | Benzodiazepines |
| What two systems are the ANS comprised of? | Sympathetic nervous system and Parasympathetic nervous system |
| What is the role of the SNS? | Fight of Flight; dilation of pupils, HR increased |
| What is the role of the PNS? | rest and digest; constricts airways, pupils, decreased HR |
| What are the 4 phases of therapeutic relationship? | pre-orientation, orientation, working phase, termination |
| What are the obstacles during the working phase? | Transference, counter transference, and trust |
| What are three things never to do/ask in psych? | Never ask WHY, never give false reassurance or advice, never change the subject, "youll be fine" happens to everyone. |
| What are some things to do during communication? | Focus on patient and their feelings, be aware of non-verbal communications, silence is ESSENTIAL, ask open-ended questions, eye contact, no interruptions, full attention, sit at eye level, therapeutic touch if appropriate |
| What goes on in the Intervention stage of AD[O]PIE? | Provide reasoning behind intervention and provide education. |
| What goes on in the Evaluation stage of AD[O]PIE? | Determining if goals were achieved |
| What is Milieu Therapy? | A scientific structuring of the environment in order to affect behavioral changes and to improve the psychological health and functioning of the individual. No punishment is involved; "meeting" |
| What is included in Promotion? | structure, involvement, support, validation |
| What are the therapeutic factors of group therapy? | Hope, universality, information, atrium, socialization, interpersonal learning, existential factors. |
| What are examples of Crises? | losing a job, having a baby, parents getting divorced, getting raped, getting abducted |
| What is a Crisis? | Stress from traumatic experience |
| What is a psychiatric emergency? | patient is at risk for harming themselves |
| What is the first thing to ask in a psychiatric emergency? | do you have a plan? |
| What is the care plan in a psychiatric emergency? | de-escalation, calm the patient down |
| What safety rules are implemented in a psychiatric emergency for a patient? | paper scrubs, patient sitter, cardboard trays, plasticware, no cans, remove cords |
| What is denial in stages of grief? | helps to slow process down |
| What is anger in stages of grief? | they are adjusting to new reality |
| What is bargaining in stages of grief? | desperate to alleviate pain; trying to seek higher power or bargain with higher power |
| what is depression in stages of grief? | where they start to "feel" loss/sadness |
| what is acceptance in stages of grief? | no more resistance to reality |
| What are the S+S of anxiety? | palpitations, sweating, feelings of choking |
| What are the S+S of moderate anxiety? | reduced perception |
| What are the S+S of panic? | hallucinations, delusions |
| what are the nursing interventions for a patient that is in panic? | do NOT leave the patient, make environment calm, provide reassurance of safety and security, speak calmly and quietly, reduce external stimulus, do NOT touch patient, have clear and single directions, practice slow breathing |
Created by:
mkozej001
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