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NUR 408 Exam One
Research Questions, Hypotheses, and Clinical Questions
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Where do research or PICOT questions come from? | clinical experience or problems, gaps in literature or knowledge, and external forces |
What is a research question? | describes the testable measurable relationship which will be examined in a study |
What is a hypothesis? | a research question that includes a prediction of the study outcome |
What should a research question or hypothesis be? | specific and measurable, based on review of relevant literature, significant to nursing practice, and testable |
What specifically is specific and measurable in a research question or hypothesis? | population, variables, and another researcher should be able to replicate the study |
What specifically is important about a review of relevant literature in a research question or hypothesis? | what research has been done and what gaps needs to be filled in the literature on this topic |
What specifically is testable in a research question or hypothesis? | evaluating if the research is feasible and ethical |
What are variables? | factors which vary and may influence the outcome of interest in the research study |
What are some demographic variables? | age, gender, education, health history, etc. |
What is an independent variable? | a factor which is presumed to have an effect on the outcome of interest (dependent variable) |
What does IPV stand for? | independent predictor variable |
What is a dependent variable? | a factor which is assumed to change based on the independent variable |
What does DOV stand for? | dependent outcome variable |
T or F: There is a limit to the number of variables a research study can have. | false |
T or F: Some variables may be independent in one study and dependent in another? | true |
What is a population? | a group of people of interest in a study |
What is a sample? | participants from the population that are included in the study |
What is a relationship statement? | describes possible relationship between 2 or more variables |
What does a relationship statement include? | independent and dependent variables |
How does a hypothesis relate to a relationship statement? | it includes predicted direction of the relationship |
What is a null hypothesis? | predicts there's no relationship between the variables |
What are the two types of relationships between variables? | associative and causal |
What is an associative relationship? | independent variable may be related to dependent variable |
What is a causal relationship? | independent variable may cause the dependent variable |
What is an example of an associative relationship? | correlation |
What is an example of a causal relationship? | regression |
Where can research question or hypothesis be found in an article? | purpose, aims, objectives, introduction |
T or F: A PICOT question is a type of research question. | false |
What is the purpose of a PICOT question? | explore literature to find an answer to a clinical problem |
T or F: A PICOT question is used to generate new information. | false |
T or F: A PICOT question predicts an outcome of interest. | false |
What does PICOT stand for? | population, intervention, comparison, outcome, time |
What are the five types of PICOT questions? | intervention, prognosis or prediction, diagnosis, etiology, meaning |
What does an intervention PICOT question assess? | which intervention is most effective in achieving the outcome |
What does a prognosis/prediction PICOT question assess? | what factors can predict the outcome |
What does a diagnosis PICOT question assess? | what strategy or test most accurately diagnoses the outcome |
What does an etiology PICOT question assess? | to what extent is a factor, process, or condition associated with the outcome |
What does a meaning PICOT question assess? | how does an experience affect the outcome |