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Stack #39439/Antibio

Antibiotics

QuestionAnswer
S &S of infection Pain, erythema, loss of function, swelling, heat, fever, drainage
What is selective toxicity? the ability of a drug to injure a target cel/organism w/o injuring other cells/organisms that are in intimate contactwith target; this is how antibiotics work
What is the difference between bacterialcidal & bacteriostatic? Bacteriocidal-kills bacteria; bacteriostatic- stops bacterial reproduction w/o killing bacteria and requires an immune response
What is an suprainfection? Why? What is the most common New infection that appears during course of Tx for primary infection. related to decrease in normal flora. Usually yeast infection
What are the two classifications of Antimicrobial Drugs Narrow & broad spectrum
When should cultures be obtained? before initiation of antibiotic therapy
What are factors leading to resitance of antibiotic Tx? overuse/indiscriminant use; use in livestock; preventative; used to tx viral infections
What must happen to an individual for them to be allergic to an antibiotic must have had a previous exposure (aware or unaware)
What are 2 types of resitance to antibiotic therapyand describe each? inherent-bacteria resistant to certain drug; acquired- genetic change that converts previously drug-sensitive bacteria to a resistant one
S & S of suprainfection? diarrhea, black furry tongue, vaginal/anal itching, candida
When can an allergy to antibiotics occur? At any time of tx and up to 2 wks after therapy
If a pt is allergic to penicillin, what else may they be allergic to ? What is this called? other cephlasporins and sulfa; called cross-sensitivity.
S & S of anaphylaxis of antibiotic nausea, vomiting, pruritus, laryngeal edema, tachycardia, dyspnea, diaphoresis, loss of consciousness
How do we tx an anaphylaxis reaction to antibiotics? Maintain airway w/ O2, use epinephrine, steroids, administer CPR if needed and obtain IV access
What should be included in educating patients about antibiotics? take as prescribed, take full courser therapy, manage missed doses, avoid sharing,S & S of allergic response, some antibiotics may reduce effectiveness of oral contraception
When administering penicillin, what must the nurse take into consideration in regards to the 5 rights of medication administration The route; some penicillin can be given in a certain route
Narrow spectrum penicillin are the first choice of antibiotics for what type of bacteria? Gram positive cocci
What route can Penicillin V/VK be given? PO; no IV,IM
What is the most frequently prescribed antibiotic and for what? Amoxicillin for ear infections
What may a patient want to avoid when taking a cephalosporin? Why? Alcohol; produces GI distress, hypotension, tachycardia, SOB
What is an increased risk when giving IV cephalosporins? Phelebitis
If a patient is on Vancomycin what might the nurse want to watch for ? What will you do if this occurs? Red Man syndrome-slow rate; Watch patency of vein in IV-change if needed; Decrease in BP is first sign of ototoxicity; monitor labs for peak and trough
What are the AR for Vancomycin nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, permanent hearing loss, leukopenia, red man syndrome
What type of infections are treated w/ Vanco Staph, psuedomembranous colitis, MRSA
Tetracyclines are the #1 choice used to tx....?What else does it tx acne; PUD, RA, chlamydia, cholera
What are the AR of tetracyclines? Photosensitivity, decrease Ca++ effects bones & teeth, suprainfection, GI irritation
Gentamicin is used to tx ....? E. Coli infections
What are the A/R of Gentamicin ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, gi distress
What is a CI for using Ciprofloxacin? Children under 18-- may cause tendon rupture esp. in Achilles tendon
Created by: jrmcdermott
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