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RAD115 Upper Ex2
Handout study guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The fingers are labeled 1 thru 5 starting with which finger? | the thumb |
| The thumb has how many phalanges? | 2 |
| How many middle phalanges does the hand have? | 4 |
| How many phalanges does the hand have? | 14 |
| How many Metacarpals make up the palm of the hand? | 5 |
| How many carpals make up the wrist? | 8 |
| What are the names of the proximal line of carpal bones from lateral to medial? | Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform |
| What are the names of the distal line of carpal bones from lateral to medial? | Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate |
| The phalanges and metacarpals are what type of bones? | Long bones |
| The carpals are what type of bones? | Short bones |
| Is the Ulnar head located proximal or distal? | Distal |
| Is the Radial head located proximal or distal? | Proximal |
| What is the joint between the Distal Phalanx and Proximal Phalanx of the thumb called? | Interphalangeal Joint (IP) |
| What is the joint between the Distal Phalanx and the Middle Phalanx of digits 2-5 called? | Distal Interphalangeal Joint (DIP) |
| What is the joint between the Middle Phalanx and the Proximal Phalanx of digits 2-5 called? | Proximal Interphalangeal Joint (PIP) |
| What is the joint between the Metacarpals and the Proximal Phalanx called? | Metacarpophalangeal Joint (MCP) |
| What is the joints between the carpals called? | Intercarpals |
| What is the joint between the carpals and the metacarpals called? | Carpometacarpal Joint (CMC) |
| On a PA projection of a 2nd-5th digit, where should the CR be centered? | The PIP joint |
| On a lateral projection of a 2nd-5th digit, where should the CR be centered? | The PIP joint |
| For an AP thumb projection, how should patient be positioned? | Seat the patient at the end of the table with the arm internally rotated. |
| How should the patient be positioned for a Lateral projection of the thumb? | Fingers flexed into a fist with thumb outstretched |
| Where is the CR centered for a PA hand projection? | the 3rd MCP |
| Where is the CR centered for a PA Oblique hand projection? | the 3rd MCP, slightly to the side because of the angle |
| What degree should the hand be angled for a PA Oblique hand projection? | 45 degrees |
| What is the difference between having the patient's fingers straight and slightly fanned for a PA Oblique projection vs having the fingers relaxed on the IR? | The straight, fanned fingers show the open PIP and DIP joint, the relaxed fingers joints are not entirely open. |
| Where should the CR be centered for a Lateral hand projection? | The second MCP |
| What is a lateral hand projection for? | localizing foreign bodies and metacarpal fracture displacement |
| What position should the patient's hand be in for a PA wrist projection? | Fingers flexed into a fist |
| Why should a patient's hand be flexed into a fist for a PA wrist projection? | To place the wrist in close contact with the IR |
| Where should the CR be centered on a PA wrist? | the midcarpal area |
| How should the patient be positioned for a lateral wrist projection? | Elbow flexed at 90 degrees, hand on side angled 5 degrees laterally to put the wrist in a true lateral position |
| What angle should the wrist be for a PA Oblique wrist projection? | 45 degrees |
| What is primarily shown in a PA Oblique wrist projection? | the scaphoid and trapezium |
| Why would you use an ulnar deviation for a PA wrist projection? | When the scaphoid is under examination |
| What is the purpose of a Radial deviation for a PA wrist projection? | It opens the interspaces between the carpals on the medial side of the wrist |
| How many degrees should the IR be angled when using the Stecher Method? | 20 degrees |
| A PA Axial Wrist projection is also known as: | Stecher Method |
| If the IR cannot be elevated for the Stecher method, how else can you achieve the desired position? | Angle the CR 20 degrees toward the elbow |
| What position is the patient in for the Gaynor-Hart method (tangential inferosuperior Projection)? | Hyper extend the wrist and have the patient grasp the digits with the opposite hand to hold the digits back. |
| What is the purpose of the Gaynor-Hart method (tangential inferosuperior projection)? | To image the carpal canal |
| What size IR do you use for a forearm projection? | 14x17 |
| How should hand be positioned for an AP forearm projection? | Supinated |
| What Joints should be seen in an AP forearm projection? | Elbow and wrist |
| How should patient be positioned for a Lateral forearm projection? | Elbow flexed at 90 degrees, hand in lateral position to Styloid processes are perpendicular to IR. |
| For an AP elbow projection, how should the Humeral epicondyles be positioned? | Parallel to the IR |
| How should the hand be positioned for an AP elbow projection? | Supinated |
| How should the patient be positioned for a Lateral elbow projection? | Shoulder should be level with the table, elbow flexed at 90 degrees with hand in lateral position |
| What is the importance of having the elbow at 90 degrees for a Lateral Elbow projection? | The olecranon process can be seen in profile and to view the elbow fat pads |
| To what degree should the elbow be rotated for a medial or lateral rotation Oblique elbow projection? | 45 degrees |
| What position should the patient be in for a Medial rotation Oblique elbow projection? | elbow extended with hand pronated, make sure elbow is at 45 degree angle |
| What is the purpose of the medial rotation AP Oblique elbow projection? | To view the coronoid process free of superimposition |
| What is the purpose of the Lateral rotation AP Oblique elbow projection? | To view the radial head and neck free of superimposition |
| What position should the patient be in for the lateral rotation AP Oblique elbow projection? | Elbow extended and hand rotated laterally so the first and second digits touch the table. |
| In what situation is the Coyle method used? | When the patient can't fully extend the elbow for medial and lateral oblique projections |
| How many degrees should the elbow be flexed in the Coyle method to view the radial head? | 90 degrees |
| How many degrees should the elbow be flexed in the Coyle method to view the coronoid process? | 80 degrees |
| How should the CR be angled to view the radial head for the Coyle method? | angled 45 degrees directed toward the shoulder |
| How should the CR be angled to view the coronoid process for the Coyle Method? | angled 45 degrees directed away from the shoulder |
| What is viewed in profile in an AP Humerus Projection? | Humeral head and greater tubercle |
| How should the humeral epicondyles be positioned for an AP humerus projection? | Parallel to the IR |
| How should the humeral epicondyles be seen in a Lateral humerus projection? | superimposed |
| How many interphalangeal joints are found in one hand? | 9 |
| Each proximal phalanx articulates with a: | Metacarpal Bone |
| Which bones comprise the palm of the hand? | Metacarpals |
| Which joint is formed by the articulation of the proximal end of the middle phalanx with the distal end of the proximal phalanx of the ring finger? | The proximal interphalangeal joint of the fourth digit |
| Which joint is formed by the articulation of the distal end of the middle phalanx with the proximal end of the distal phalanx of the index finger? | The distal interphalangeal joint of the second digit |
| Which joint is a hinge type joint? | Interphalangeal |
| How many metacarpal bones are found in one upper extremity? | 5 |
| Which of the following articulates with the bases of metacarpal bones? Carpals Phalanges Forearm Metacarpophalangeal Joints | Carpals |
| Which joint of the hand is formed by the articulation of the head of a metacarpal with a digit? | Proximal Interphalangeal |
| Which joints of the hand are formed by the articulation of the bases of the metacarpals with the bones of the wrist? | Carpometacarpals |
| which joint is an ellipsoidal joint? | Metacarpophalangeal |
| Which articulation of the upper extremity is a saddle joint that allows the thumb to oppose the fingers? | First carpometacarpal |
| Which bones are located in the proximal row of the wrist? | Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform |
| Which bones are located in the distal row of the wrist? | Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate |
| Where in the wrist is the scaphoid located? | Lateral side of the proximal row |
| Where in the wrist is the trapezium located? | lateral side of the distal row |
| Where in the wrist is the Hamate located? | medial side of the distal row |
| What other name refers to the carpal bone known as the hamate? | Unciform |
| What other name refers to the carpal bone known as the capitate? | Os magnum |
| What other name refers to the carpal bone known as the trapezium? | Greater multangular |
| What other name refers to the carpal bone known as the trapezoid? | Lesser multangular |
| Which carpal bone only has one name? | Pisiform |
| Which bones are classified as short bones? | carpals |
| Which joint is the most distal articulation of the wrist? | Carpometacarpal |
| Which joint of the wrist is the most proximal articulation of the wrist? | Radiocarpal |
| Which two carpal bones are the most lateral bones of the wrist? | Scaphoid and Trapezium |
| The lunate is situated between the: | Scaphoid and Triquetrum |
| What other name refers to the carpal bone known as the scaphoid? | Navicular |
| Which carpal bone does not articulate with the radius? Lunate Capitate Scaphoid Triquetrum | Capitate |
| Which bony structures are located on the proximal end of the Ulna? | Radial notch, olecranon process, and coronoid process |
| Which bony structures are located on the distal end of the ulna? | Ulnar head and styloid process |
| Which bony structure is located on the distal end of the radius? | Styloid process |
| Which bony structures are located on the proximal end of the radius? | Head and tuberosity |
| Which bones comprise the forearm? | Radius and Ulna |
| Which structure is located on the lateral aspect of the distal forearm? | Radial Styloid process |
| Which large bony process is easily located by touching on the posterior aspect of the proximal forearm? | Olecranon process |
| What is a Bennett fracture? | Fracture at base of first metacarpal |
| What is a Boxer fracture? | Fracture of metacarpal neck |
| What is a Colles fracture? | Fracture of distal radius with POSTERIOR (dorsal) displacement |
| What is a Smith fracture? | Fracture of distal radius with ANTERIOR (palmar) displacement |
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