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pathophysiology
units 1-3
Question | Answer |
---|---|
what is atrophy | decrease in size of the cell |
what is dysplaisia | deranged cell growth with variation in size shape and appearance |
what is hyperplaisia | increase number of cells in an organ or tissue |
what is metaplaisia | replacement of one adult cell type with another |
what is hypertrophy | increase of cell size due to increase work demand |
what are causes of atrophy | disuse denervation endocrine hypofunction inadequate nutrition ischemia |
what is ischemia | decrease of oxygen to the body cells |
what is endocrine hypofunction | shrinkage and diminish function of reproductive organs in post menopausal women |
causes of hypertrophy | overuse enervation nutrition endocrine stimulation protein anabolism protein accumulation |
what 2 things always occurs together | hyperplasia and hypertrophy |
what are the typical cells that undergo hyperplaisia | breast uterus prostrate gland and liver |
what are the typical cells that undergo hypertrophy | breast uterus heart brain kidney and skeletal muscle |
what are the typical cells that undergo atrophy | skeletal muscle cell cell of the heart brain and sex organs |
what are the three main responses to stressors | cellular adaptation cellular injury and cellular death |
how many main responses to stressors are there | 3 |
what are the main causes of stress at cellular level | hormone temperature changes ph changes invasion of pathogens response to pathogenic invasion disease condition aging harmful substances and toxins |
causes of dyplaisia | chronic irritation and chronic inflammation |
how many types of dysplasia | 2 |
what is low grade | mild- moderate changes |
what is high grade | moderate - severe changes |
when dysplasia is reversible | when the irritant is removed |
cells that undergo dysplasia | cervical epithelium , respiratory epithelium and breast |
causes of metaplasia | chronic irritation and chronic inflammation |
what is the best example of metaplasia | replacement of normal columnar epithealial cells of the bronchial lining stratified squamous epithealial cells |
how many types of cellular injury are there | 3 |
what are the types of cellular injury | physical chemical and hypoxic injury |
what is physical injury | disruption of cells structure |
what is hypoxic injury | lack of sufficient oxygen |
what is anoxia | total lack of oxygen |
what is the most common type of cell injury occurs | mostly occurs as a results of ischemia |
example of chronic dysplasia irritation | ciggarette smoke |
exaple of chronic dysplasia inflammation | HPV Human Papilloma Virus |