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21 Key Words
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Clinical target volume (CTV) | Visible (imaged) or palpable tumor plus any margin of sub clinical disease that needs to be eliminated through the treatment planning and delivery process |
| Contrast media | High density substances used radiographically to visualize internal anatomy for images |
| Digitally reconstructed radiograph (DRR) | Based on acquired computed tomography (CT) information, these are images that render a beam''s-eye-view display of the treatment field anatomy and areas of treatment interest. These images resemble conventional radiographs. |
| Field of view | Smaller than the CT aperture of the gantry, this is where the patient's anatomy will be visible in the scanning window |
| Field Size | Dimensions of a treatment field at the isocenter (usually represented by width & length) |
| 4D computed tomography | Use of three dimensional treatment planning + time |
| International commission on radiation units and measurements | Created to develop a coherent system of quantities and units, universally accepted in all fields where ionizing radiation is used. |
| Image fusion | Combining images from different modalities with a CT image. MRI and positron emission tomography (PET) with the special accuracy of CT. Anatomy can be defined on any of the image data sets and then can be displayed on the CT image |
| IGRT | EPID, an in room CT scanner, kV cone-bam CT, MV cone-beam CT, ultrasound, and others. Rational for IGRT is to image the patient just before treatment and compare the position of external set up marks and internal anatomy to the treatment plan |
| Immobilization devices | Device that assists in reproducing the treatment position while restricting movement such as cast, masks, or bite blocks |
| IMRT | Therapy that delivers non-uniform exposure across the radiation field using a variety of techniques and equipment |
| Interfraction motion | This is the change in target position from one fraction to another |
| Localization | Geometrical definition of the tumor and atomic structures using surface and fiducial markers for reference |
| Maximum intensity projection | simple three-dimensional visualization tool that can be used to display computed tomographic angiography data sets |
| MRI | Diagnostic, non-ionizing means of visualizing internal anatomy through non-invasive means. Imaging is based on the magnetic properties of the hydrogen nuclei |
| OAR | Normal tissues such as critical structures in which sensitivity to radiation damage may influence treatment planning and the delivery of a prescribed dose of radiation |
| Osmolarity | Property of a solution that depends on the concentration of the salute per unit of solid |
| Planning target volume | Volume that indicates the CTV plus margins for geometric uncertainties, such as patient motion, beam penumbra, and treatment set up differences |
| Port film | x-ray taken at the beginning of radiation treatment, and once a week during your therapy to ensure proper radiation positioning. Ensure your safety and help to stay on target with your radiation therapy. |
| Positioning aids | Device is designed to place the patient in a particular position for treatment, there is generally very little structure in these devices to ensure that the patient does not move |
| Positron emission tomography | Nuclear medicine procedure, functional, aspects of a tumor. Useful in determining the physiology of the organ, determining differences between necrosis and malignancy, which are associated with areas of high metabolism |
| Perspective axial | free breathing, but the scanner is triggered to acquire an image set at a specific point of respiration |
| Radiopaque marker | Material with a high atomic number used to document structures radiographically |
| Scan field of view | Area for which projection data is collected for a CT scan and determined by scan field of view. It helps to position the patient in the center of the board so that the patient contour is not cut off laterally and centered in the scan field of view |
| Separation | Measurement of the thickness of a patient along the central axis or at any other specific point within the irritated volume |
| Simulation | Process carried out by the radiation therapist under the supervision of the radiation oncologist. It is a part of the treatment planning procedure, which delineates the treatment fields and constricts any necessary immobilization or treatment devices |
| Single photon emission computed tomography | nuclear medicine tomographic imaging technique using gamma rays. Accurate for blood flow and brain activity |
| Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) | Use of a high energy photon beam with multiple ports of entry convergent on a target volume |
| Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) | A type of radiation therapy in which a few very high doses of radiation are delivered to small, well define tumors |
| Surface guided radiation therapy | 4D CT, gating technologies |
| Verification | Final check that each of the plant treatment team does cover the tumor or target volume and does not irritate normal tissue structures |
| Virtual simulation | The ability to design the fields without a conventional simulation and with better visualization of internal structures by using 3-D images on the computer |
Created by:
gracebrandle
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