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APHG Chapt.4-7 Vocab

APHU Chapt.4-7 Vocab

Term	Definition
CHAPTER 4
Acculturation	The adoption of cultural traits, such as language, by one group under the influence of another.
Assimilation	The process through which people lose originally differentiating traits, such as dress, speech particularities or mannerisms, when they come into contact with another society or culture.
Authenticity	The accuracy with which a single stereotypical or typecast image or experience conveys an otherwise dynamic and complex local culture or its customs.
Commodification	The process of transforming a cultural activity into a saleable product.
Cultural Adaptation	The process of changing mindset or behaviors when moving into a new cultural context so you are capable of living within that culture.
Cultural Appropriation	A situation where a dominant cultural group takes a product or idea from an oppressed/minority cultural group and uses it for its own benefit.
Custom	The frequent repetition of an act, to the extent that it becomes characteristic of the group of people performing the act.
Folk Culture	The practice of particular customs of a relatively small group of people that increases that group's uniqueness.
Habit	A repetitive act performed by a particular individual.
Material Culture	Anything that can physically be seen on the landscape.
Nonmaterial Culture	Anything on the landscape that comprises culture that cannot be physically touched
Placelessness	The loss of uniqueness of place in the cultural. landscape so that one place looks like the next.
Popular Culture	Culture that is not tied to a specific location but rather a general location based on widespread diffusion.
Taboo	A restriction on behavior imposed by social custom.
Terroir	The contribution of a location's distinctive physical features to the way food tastes.
CHAPTER 5
Creole	formed by the combination of two or more languages
Dialect	A regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation.
Extinct Language	A language that was once used by people in daily activities but is no longer used.
Germanic Language	Languages that reflect the expansion of peoples out of Northern Europe to the west and south.
Isogloss	A boundary line between two distinct linguistic regions
Isolate Language	A language that is unrelated to any other language and therefore not attached to any language
Language	The method of human communication, either spoken or written, consisting of the use of words in a structured and conventional way.
Language Branch	A group of languages that came from the same ancestor a long time ago. The differences between these languages are not as big or as old as the differences between language families. These languages all came from the same family.
Language Convergence	The collapsing of two languages into one resulting from the consistent spatial interaction of people with different languages.
Language Divergence	When a language breaks down and forms 2 different languages.
Language Family	A group of languages with a shared but fairly distant origin.
Language Group	A Collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary.
Lingua Franca	A Language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages.
Literary Tradition	A Language that is written as well as spoken.
Logogram	Symbols that represent words or meaningful parts of words
Monolingual State	A country in which only one language is spoken.
Multilingual State	A country in which more than one language is spoken.
Mutual Intelligibility	Two people can understand each other when speaking.
Official Language	The language adopted for use by the government for the conduct of business and publication of documents.
Pidgin Language	When parts of two or more languages are combined in a simplified structure and vocabulary.
Proto-Indo-European	Linguistic hypothesis proposing an ancestral Indo-European language that is the hearth of the ancient Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit languages which hearth links modern languages from Scandinavia to N. Africa and N. America through parts of Asia to Australia.
Romance Language	Languages that lie in the areas that were once controlled by the Roman Empire.
Standard Language	A language variety used by a group of people in public discourse that is published, widely distributed, and purposefully taught.
Slavic Language	Languages that developed as Slavic people migrated from a base in present-day Ukraine close to 2000 years ago.
CHAPTER 6
Agnosticism	Belief that nothing can be known about whether God exists.
Animism	Belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life.
Atheism	Belief that God doesn't exist.
Autonomous Religion	A religion that does not have a central authority but shares ideas and cooperates informally.
Branch	A large and fundamental division within a religion.
Caste	The class of distinct hereditary order into which a Hindu is assigned according to religious law.
Cosmogony	A set of religious beliefs concerning the origin of the universe.
Denomination	A division of a branch that unites a number of local congregations in a single legal and administrative body.
Diaspora	A community of people who are dispersed throughout the world, but retain their cultural, religious, or ethnic differences.
Ethnic Religion	A religion with a relatively concentrated spatial distribution whose principles are likely to be based on the physical characteristics of the particular location in which its adherents are concentrated.
Fundamentalism	Literal interpretation and strict adherence to basic principles of a religion (or a religious branch, denomination, or sect).
Hierarchical Religion	A religion in which a central authority exercises a high degree of control.
Interfaith boundaries	The boundaries between the world's major faiths, such as Christianity, Muslim, and Buddhism.
Missionary	An individual who helps to diffuse a universalizing religion.
Monotheism	The doctrine or belief of the existence of only one god.
Pagan	A follower of a polytheistic religion in ancient times.
Pilgrimage	A journey to a place considered sacred for religious purposes.
Polytheism	Belief in or worship of more than one god.
Sacred sites	a place that is considered holy to a certain people.
Sect	A relatively small group that has broken away from an established denomination.
Secularism	A doctrine that rejects religion and religious considerations.
Syncretic	a mix of cultural traits from a variety of sources.
Universalizing Religion	A relatively small group that has broken away from an established denomination.
CHAPTER 7
Apartheid	Laws (no longer in effect) in South Africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas.
Balkanization	Process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities.
Ethnicity	Identity with a group of people that share distinct physical and mental traits as a product of common heredity and cultural traditions.
Ethnic cleansing	Process in which more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogeneous region.
Ethnocentrism	The feeling that one's own ethnic group is superior.
Genocide	Violence against members of a national, ethnic, racial or religious group with the intent to destroy the entire group.
Nationalism	Loyalty and devotion to a particular nationality
Nationality	Identity with a group of people that share legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular place as a result of being born there.
Race	Identity with a group of people descended from a common ancestor.
Racism	Belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race.

Created by: mapitts04

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