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PHILOSPHY

Texts and themes // arguments

QuestionAnswer
Phaedo: What is the nature and function of the soul? The nature of the soul is 'to reason' -- according to Aristotle, is reliant on the body
Phaedo: What is misology? Why is it dangerous? A hatred of argumentation -- means philosophy has no meaning. Distrust of argumentation means that we, ourselves, are not sound arguers
Bhagavad-Ghita & questions of King Milinda: What is a bundle-continuum 5 "bundles" of: form, feeling, perception, mentality, and consciousness. They are constantly changing, and the collective makes a person.
Aristotle and Aquinas: Hylomorphism Physical objects are matter + form -- made of 3 parts nutritive, sensitive, and intellectual.
Aristotle and Aquinas: Dualism The combination of mind + body makes a lifeform.
Aristotle and Aquinas: Is the soul destructible? Aristotle -- soul destructible, mind exists without the body Aquinas -- Soul indestructible
Searle: central claim of materialism Everything that exists is material -- "I am a body." Nothing exists after death.
Searle: the distinction between mental and physical Mental processes are caused by physical. Analogy -- Macro (water), Micro (H20). The micro system are just details of the macro system.
Searle: existence of consciousness, intentionality, subjectivity, and mental causation C: "feels like" I: directed thought S: emotional mentality MC: Decision's impact
Phaedo: (1) Opposites, (2) Recollection, (3) Affinity, and (4) Forms 1. all things come from opposite (life from death) 2. part of nature for things to scatter. Natural for soul to remain unchanging, body to change 3. Learning is recollection -- recollection means soul must have existed before 4. something X, partakes.
Aristotle and Aquinas: Aristotle’s reasons for thinking that body and soul are co-dependent The form of something is what makes it itself. Therefore, after death- a soul cannot exist w/o the body.
Aristotle and Aquinas: Aquinas’s reasoning that the souls of nutritive and sensitive depend on their material bodies, but intellectual do not depend on the human body nutritive soul and sensitive souls give life and substance to plants/humans. an intellectual soul is made human by 'an act of God' and thus, can live outside of the body.
Aristotle and Aquinas: Aquinas’s arguments that intellectual souls do not get destroyed when a person dies was created by an 'act of god.'
Searle: Argument for materialism (analogy) Mind and body are balanced. Water is the body, H20 is the mind. Mind destroyed after death.
Buddhism: Nagasena’s argument by analogy that a person is just a conventional designation Nagasena and so on—is only a generally understood term, a designation in common use. King Milinda's chariot is just made up of objects.
Created by: ShosK
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