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Med/Surg Chapter 23
Management of Patients with Coronary Vascular Disorders
Question | Answer |
---|---|
A thrombus is a dangerous complication of atherosclerosis because it can lead to acute MI and _____________. | Sudden death |
A person at increased risk for heart disease is encouraged to stop _______ through any means possible. | Smoking |
The leading cause of death in the United States for men and women of all ethnic and racial groups. | Cardiovascular disease |
The most common cause of cardiovascular disease. | Atherosclerosis |
The most frequent occurring sign of myocardial ischemia. | Chest pain |
Known to be an inflammatory marker for cardiovascular risk, including acute coronary events and stroke. | C-reactive protein |
The key diagnostic indicator for MI seen on an electrocardiogram (ECG). | Elevated ST segment in two contiguous leads |
The vessel most commonly used for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). | Greater saphenous vein |
A possible complication of rupture or hemorrhage of the lipid core into the plaque. | Formation of a thrombus |
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor | Pravastatin |
Nicotinic acid | Niacin |
Fibric acids | Fenofibrate |
Bile acid sequestrants | Colestipol |
Cholesterol absorption inhibitor | Ezetimibe |
Omega-3 acid ethyl esters | Fish oil capsule |
Nurse educating patient about administration of nitroglycerin. Which is included? If pain is not relieved with 1 tab, drive to nearest ED If pain is not relieved with 2 tab, go to ED 1 tab every 5 minutes (total of 3), if pain is not relieved call 911 | 1 tab every 5 minutes (total of 3), if pain is not relieved call 911 |
Patient with heart rate of 64 receives propranolol hydrochloride. One hour later, heart rate is 36. Which medication should nurse prepare to administer to elevate the heart rate? Digoxin Atropine sulfate Protamine sulfate Sodium nitroprusside | Atropine sulfate |
Patient with symptomatic sinus tachycardia at a rate of 132 receives diltiazem. Which is the anticipated action of drug? Decreases the SA node automaticity Increases AV node conduction Increases heart rate Creates positive inotropic effect | Decreases the SA node automaticity |
ECG finding(s) of a patient with MI, select all that apply Absent P wave Abnormal Q wave T wave inversion ST segment elevation Prolonged PR interval | Abnormal Q wave T wave inversion ST segment elevation |
Lab results for patient having a suspected MI, which cardiac specific isoenzyme does the nurse observe for myocardial cell damage? Alkaline phosphatase Creatine kinase (CK-MB) Myoglobin Troponin | Creatine kinase (CK-MB) |
Patient with chest pain associated with MI, which medication will be given IV to reduce pain and anxiety? Meperidine hydrochloride Hydromorphone hydrochloride Morphine sulfate Codeine sulfate | Morphine sulfate |
Patient with CAD having cardiac catheterization. Which indicator is present for the patient to have a PTCA? Compromised left ventricular function Angina longer than 3 years At least 70% occlusion of a major coronary artery Ejection fraction of 65% | At least 70% occlusion of a major coronary artery |
Patient is status post PTCA, which potential complications should patient be monitored for? Select all that apply Abrupt closure of the artery Atrial dissection Coronary artery vasospasm Aortic dissection Nerve root pressure | Abrupt closure of the artery Atrial dissection Coronary artery vasospasm |
Patient in PACU status post cardiac surgery begins to have extremity paresthesia, peaked T waves, and mental confusion. Which type of electrolyte imbalance does the nurse suspect? Calcium Magnesium Potassium Sodium | Potassium |
Patient is status post cardiac surgery and is in the ICU. Which complication should the nurse monitor for that is associated with an alteration in preload? Cardiac tamponade Elevated central venous pressure Hypertension Hypothermia | Cardiac tamponade |