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322 Exam 3
322 Endocrine & Diabetes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| levothyroxine | replacement therapy, increases levels of T4 and deionized to T3 |
| levothyroxine interventions | monitor height and weight in infants and children, take on an empty stomach, safe during pregnancy |
| liothyronine | synthetic T3, rapid onset; best absorbed in the GI tract; initial treatment for myxedema |
| methimazole | inhibits thyroid synthesis, does not destroy existing; avoid during pregnancy |
| methimazole side effect | agranulocytosis; report sore throat and fever |
| propylthiouracil | inhibits thyroid production and prevents conversion of T4 to T3; safe in 1st trimester of pregnancy; preferred for thyroid storm |
| propylthiouracil side effects | agranulocytosis, risk for liver injury |
| propylthiouracil administration | shorter half life; requires multiple doses per day |
| radioactive iodine thyroid cancer | high dose |
| radioactive iodine hyperthyroidism | low dose |
| somatropin | administered to a child before the epiphyses are fused; can be abused by athletes |
| somatropin side effects | paresthesia, glucose fluctuations |
| somatropin adverse reactions | seizures, intracranial hypertension, secondary malignancy |
| somatostatin | helps regulate GH release and is produced in the hypothalamus; can cause cardiac toxicity - bradycardia |
| dopamine agonist | inhibits secretion of GH caused by pituitary adenomas |
| dopamine agonist adverse effects | cardiac toxicity - hypertension, MI, angina; cerebrovascular toxicity |
| oral antidiabetics | sulfonylureas and biguanides |
| sulfonylureas | type 2, can be combined with other drugs |
| 1st generation sulfonylureas | associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease |
| 2nd generation sulfonylureas | increase tissue response to insulin and decrease glucose production in the liver; glipizide and glyburide |
| 2nd generation sulf | longer duration of action and fewer side effects; greater hypoglycemia potency and cannot be used with liver or kidney dysfunction |
| biguanides | metformin, glucophage |
| metformin side effects | anorexia, N/V, decreased B12 levels and folic acid deficiency |
| metformin toxicity | lactic acidosis; drug interaction with alcohol and not recommended with renal impairment |
| metformin withheld | 48 hours before or after administration of IV contrast |
| external insulin pump | blood sugar check hourly, how to change tubing, know when to bolus |
| conscious hypoglycemia | fast acting oral sugar |
| unconscious hypoglycemia | IV glucose, parenteral glucagon |
Created by:
ahommel
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