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nitrofurantoin
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methenamine
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322 Exam 3
322 Blueprint 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| nitrofurantoin | treats UTIs; take with food; turns urine brown |
| methenamine | effective when urine pH is less than 5.5; should not be taken with sulfonamides because this increases the risk of crystalluria; used for chronic UTI |
| antispasmodic | relieves spasms, oxybutynin; anticholinergic side effects |
| levothyroxine | taken every day for the rest of life; monitor for overcorrection - thyrotoxicosis, osteoporosis; take on an empty stomach, safe in pregnancy |
| methimazole | avoid during pregnancy; preferred hyperthyroid drug; toxicity agranulocytosis |
| sulfonylureas | stimulate release of insulin, used for type 2; cannot be used with liver or kidney dysfunction; glipizide |
| biguanides (Metformin) | inhibits glucose production in the liver, reduces glucose absorption in small intestine, treatment immediately for type 2 |
| general side effects of antibiotics | anaphylaxis, N/V/D, superinfections |
| glycopeptide | for gram positive (MRSA AND C DIFF); report red man's syndrome, affects renal function and hearing; given with water and protect from sun exposure |
| metronidazole | anaerobic organisms only, commonly GI tract; dry mouth and metallic taste; prolonged QT interval; no alcohol |
| tetracycline | empty stomach with water, makes contraceptives less effective, teeth discoloration; do not give to children younger than 8 years |
| INH | anti tubercular; take pyroxidine to prevent peripheral neuropathy |
| rifampin | can turn body fluids orange and discolor contact lenses |
| amphotericin B | highly toxic and dangerous, IV only for severe systemic fungal infections |
| amphotericin B pre treatment | diphenhydramine, acetaminophen and hydrocortisone 30 to 60 minutes before |
| antiviral second generation | PO, active against both and preferred - better tolerance; taken within 48 hours to make person healthier sooner |
| chronic HBV treatment | 1 alpha interferon, 4 nucleoside analogs - PO, delays progression to liver disease; vaccine is available |
| hepatitis C treatment - protease inhibitors | ledipasivir/ sofosbuvir; cures type 1 but expensive |
| methods to eradicate malaria | prophylaxis, treating acute attack, prevent relapse |
| chloroquine | inhibits parasitic growth; effects cranial nerve 8 - hearing and balance, photosensitivity; agranulocytosis; ECG changes |
| medication adherence to ART | needs to be 95%, missing doses can cause drug resistance |
| ART goals | decrease viral load to 20 to 40 copies, increase CD4 |
| hold chemotherapy | signs of dehydration, fever over 100.5, presence of neutropenia or thrombocytopenia, tumor complications |
| side effects of antineoplastics | alopecia, dehydration, fatigue and weakness; these are because of the harm to healthy cells |
| myelosuppression due to antineoplastics | anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia |
| cell cycle specific | only work in S and M phase, not G0; antimetabolites, alkylating agents, vinca alklaloids |
| cell cycle non specific | most effective against proliferating cells |
| nitrogen mustard analogue | CCNS alkylating agent; to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis given Mesna to reduce hematuria and increase fluids |
| anthracycline | anti tumor antibiotic turns urine red color; monitor for ECG changes |
| plant alkaloids | anti mitotic blocks cell division at M phase |
| epoeitn | stimulates RBC production; decreases length of post treatment neutropenia and permits delivery of higher doses; can lead to blood clots and hypertension |
| filgrastim | increases WBC in bone marrow, regulates production of neutrophils; is not given 24 hours before or after chemotherapy |
| bactrim side effects | photosensitivity and crystalluria |
| propylthiouracil | preferred during 1st trimester of pregnancy; requires multiple doses |
| rapid acting insulin | lispro, aspart, glulisine |
| short acting insulin | regular insulin - Humulin R and Novolin R |
| intermediate acting | NPH insulin - Humulin N and Novolin N |
| long acting insulin | glargine, detemir; used for someone with more stable BG |
| sulfonylureas 2nd generation | increases tissue response to insulin; longer duration of action and fewer side effects; disadvantage - greater hypoglycemia potency |
| biguanides side effects | decreased B12 levels and folic acid deficiency; does not cause hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia |
| external insulin pump | external like pancreas, basal rate and bolus according to food; check BG 4 times daily |
| narrow spectrum antibiotics | preferred because broad spectrum lead to more resistance |
| drugs with narrow therapeutic range | vancomycin, amino glycosides because of their renal and ototoxicity |
| treatment for penicillin anaphylaxis | epinephrine, steroids, antihistamine |
| sulfonamides avoided | during pregnancy; can cause malformations and neural tube defects; contraindicated during breastfeeding because of risk of kernicterus |
| fluoroquinolone | strong bactericidal against respiratory and pneumonia infections; big risk for crystalluria and photosensitivity |
| post exposure prophylaxis - HIV | started within 72 hours and taken for 28 days |
| DOT | intermittent doses, increases adherence |
| alkylating agents | hydrate to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis |
| peak | 30 minutes prior to dose |
| trough | 1 hour after completion of dose |
Created by:
ahommel
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