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Endocrine System

Radiographic Pathology

QuestionAnswer
What is the function of the endocrine system? Responsible for the metabolic activities in human cells through the release of hormones
What are the three stimuli for hormone synthesis and release? Humoral stimuli, Neural stimuli, Hormonal stimuli
What does Humoral stimuli do Hormones are synthesized and released in direct response to changes in blood chemistry
What does neural stimuli do Response to sympathetic nervous system Adrenal gland secretion of epinephrine or norepinephrine
What does Hormonal Stimuli do Response to other hormones being secreted in the body
What is the master endocrine gland? Pituitary gland
Where does the pituitary gland sit Sella Turcica
What is responsible for controlling the pituitary glands function? Hypothalamus
What is the pineal gland controlled by Hypothalamus
Where is the pineal gland located Posterior to the 3rd ventricle
What gland calcifies with age Pineal gland
What does the pineal gland secrete and produce Melatonin
What does melatonin do Released when light exposure is inhibited Responsible for regulating the circadian rhythms-promotes sleep- 24 hour cycle
What is the Thyroid gland divided by Isthmus--- around trachea
What hormones are secreted by the thyroid gland (2) Thyroid hormone, calcitonin
Where is the Thyroid gland located (spine level) T4-T3
Function of enzymes in thyroid gland Maintains Blood pressure and growth and development Metabolic regulation
Where are the adrenal glands Superior of kidney
what are the adrenal glands made up of? Medulla and cortex
What is the Medulla Inner portion of adrenal gland, Sympathetic, epinephrine and nonepinephrine in the adrenal gland
Epinephrine increases cardiac output increases, heart rate increases, casodilation of skeletal muscles, vasoconstriction of internal organs and skin, relaxation of smooth muscles, increase in mental alertness, creates glycogenisis in liver, lipolysis
What is the cortex Outer portion of adrenal gland Synthesis of 3 corticosteroids controlled by ACTH in the adrenal gland
What are the 3 corticosteroids Mineralocorticosteroids, Glucocorticoids, gonadocorticosteroids
Where are the 3 corticosteroids found in the cortex of the adrenal glands (kidney)
Mineralocorticosteroids electrolyte balance
Glucocorticoids Blood sugar and cell metabolism
Gonadocorticosteroids Sex hormones, blood pressure and cardiac input
What does the Parathyroid glands secrete Secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH)
how many parathyroid glands are their 4
What is the function of the parathyroid glands controls blood calcium, Stimulates osteoclast activity
Where are the parathyroid glands located Posterior side of the thyroid
What produces hormones on the pancreas Islet of Langerhans
What is both endocrine and exocrine gland Pancreas
What do alpha cells do glucagon synthesis in the pancreas
What do beta cells do Balance of insulin and glugagon in the pancrease
MRI used for Pituitary disorder, microadenoma, progression pituitary adenomas
What do we use for looking at pineal gland calcification CT
what does DXA stand for? Double energy x-ray absorpitiometery
What does DXA do? Evaluates bone density- oseoporosis by comparing norms
What anatomical parts do we use for DXA Distal radius, Femoral Neck, Lumbar spine
T score evaluates 30 year old national reference
Z score evaluates populations of same age, gender, ethnicity and weight
What is good for Nuc Med Thyroid disorders, adrenal disorders
Epinephrine Relaxing muscles in airways and constricts blood vessels
Sympathetic nervous system Fight or flight response
ACTH Created in the pituitary gland
Created by: rad123
Popular Radiology sets

 

 



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