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Rubenstein Chapter 4
Dr. Seiler's Class Chapter 4- Folk and Popular Culture
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Habit | a repetitive act that a particular individual performs |
| Custom | a repetitive act of a group, performed to the extent that it becomes characteristic of the group |
| Folk Culture | traditionally practiced primarily by small, homogeneous groups living in isolated rural areas |
| Pop Culture | found in large, heterogeneous societies that share certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics |
| Origins of Folk Cultures | Folk customs often have anonymous sources, at unknown dates, through unidentified originators. They may also have multiple hearths, originating independently in isolated locations. |
| Origins of Pop Cultures | Pop culture is most often a product of the economically more developed countries. They arise from a combination of advances in industrial technology and increased leisure time |
| Folk music | the content of which is most often derived from events in daily life that are familiar to the majority of the people |
| Pop music | is written by specific individuals for the purpose of being sold to a large number of people |
| Diffusion of Folk Culture | folk culture is transmitted from one location to another, primarily through migration and is an example of relocation diffusion |
| Diffusion of Pop Culture | the spread of pop culture typically follows the process of hierarchical diffusion from hearths or nodes of innovation. It diffuses rapidly and extensively through the use of modern communications and transportations |
| Why is Folk Culture Clustered? | Isolation promotes cultural diversity |
| What influences customs such as provision of food, clothing and shelter? | The prevailing climate, soil and vegetation. |
| Taboo | a restriction on behavior imposed by social custom |
| Role of Television in Diffusing Popular Culture | watching TV is an especially significant popular custom for 2 reasons: 1) it is the most popular leisure activity in developed countries and 2) it is the most important mechanism by which knowledge of pop culture is rapidly diffused. |
| Why does globalization of popular culture cause problems? | The diffusion of pop culture has led to two problems: 1) threat to folk culture and 2) it may generate adverse environmental impacts. |
| Loss of Tradition Values | In African and Asian countries, urban businessmen and government leaders exhibit clothing of Western fashion while rural farmers do not and the global diffusion of pop culture threatens the subservience of women to men that is embedded in folk customs |
| Threat of Foreign Media Imperialism | Three MDCs (US, Japan and the UK) dominate the television industry in LDCs. Leaders of LDCs see this as a new method of economic and cultural imperialism |
| What are the main ways pop culture impacts the environment? | modifying nature, uniform landscapes, pollution and increased demand for natural resources |
| Modifying Nature | pop culture can significantly modify or control the environment. It may be imposed on the environment rather than springing forth from it, as with many folk cultures. |
| Uniform Landscapes | The spatial expression of a popular custom in one location will be similar to another. Promoters of pop culture want a uniform appearance to generate "product recognition" |
| Pollution | Pop culture generates a high volume of waste that must be absorbed into the environment. |
| Increased Demand for Natural Resources | Diffusion of some pop customs increases demand for raw materials of which the world does not have a large enough supply |
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