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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was the MOST significant in inspiring Spanish conquistadors during their exploration and conquest of the New World? | a desire to spread Catholicism and gain wealth and national glory. |
| The Mayflower Compact established | a civil government for Plymouth Colony. |
| An example of a freedom that most Native Americans would hold in high esteem would be | the opportunity to work for the benefit of the group as opposed to individual gain. |
| Both King Philip's War and Bacon's Rebellion were conflicts that | started with disputes over Native American territory. |
| By 1680, a sharp divergence in the conditions of African and English people in the Chesapeake had emerged. What is an indication of English North America's transformation from a "society with slaves" to a "slave society”? | The words "negro" and "slave" had become interchangeable. |
| As a result of the transatlantic slave trade, what European products became especially popular in Africa? | textiles and guns |
| How did English rule affect the Iroquois Confederacy? | After a series of complex negotiations, both groups aided each other's imperial ambitions. |
| Why did Indians exercise more power in their relations with the French and the Dutch compared to the English? | The French and Dutch settlements were more dependent on Indians as trading partners than were the English. |
| How did French involvement in the fur trade change life for Native Americans? | The French were willing to accept Native Americans into colonial society. |
| What did the Virgin of Guadalupe represent? | a mixing of Indian and Spanish cultures |
| Which of the following is true of Spain's explorations of the New World? | Florida was the first region in the present-day continental United States that Spain colonized. |
| Which of the following was one of the primary focuses of the Great League of Peace? | It relied on representatives from different groups to decide on whether to have friendly relations with outsiders. |
| What role did the "enclosure" movement play in sixteenth and seventeenth century England? | It created a crisis in which many people had no way to make a living. |
| Which statement is true about slavery in the Chesapeake region? | Race became an increasingly important social division. |
| Which of the following statements accurately describes one of the advancements of the Inca kingdom? | The Incas developed a complex system of roads and bridges along the Andes mountain chain. |
| Which of the following statements accurately describes South Carolina's Stono Rebellion? | The rebellion sparked fears among whites and led to a severe tightening of the South Carolina slave code. |
| What was one result of the Great Awakening? | The revivals helped to expand the circulation of newspapers and pamphlets in the colonies. |
| William Penn's effort to shape Pennsylvania into a colony governed by the principle of equality of all persons was primarily influenced by his | Quakerism |
| In contrast to the Chesapeake region, the population in New England | grew rapidly because of healthier surroundings |
| Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding the impact on Maryland of seventeenth-century England's Protestant-Catholic conflict? | The English government temporarily repealed Calvert's ownership of Maryland and the colony's policies of religious toleration. |
| "Enumerated" goods | were colonial products, such as tobacco and sugar, that first had to be sold in English ports. |
| How did most Puritans view the separation of church and state? | They allowed church and state to be interconnected by requiring each town to establish a church and levy a tax to support the minister. |
| The Diggers | were an English group that advocated for common ownership of land and declared that all English people, including the poor, were entitled to a comfortable livelihood. |
| What was one of the elements of "English liberty" that came to be embodied in English common law in the wake of the 1215 Magna Carta? | the right of habeas corpus. |
| Why was slavery less prevalent in the northern colonies? | The small farms of the northern colonies did not need slaves. |
| Which of the following statements accurately describes the "task" system? | It allowed slaves time for leisure or to cultivate crops on their own if they completed daily jobs. |
| Why did the accusations of witchcraft in Salem suddenly snowball in 1692? | The only way to avoid prosecution was to confess and name others in the colony as witches. |
| Olaudah Equiano | wrote the eighteenth century's most widely read autobiographical account of a slave's own experiences. |
| What best describes the Pueblo Revolt of 1680? | It was a victory of the Pueblo Indians over the Spanish settlers in New Mexico, which reestablished Indian control of the region. |
| What was the significance of the Ohio Valley during the eighteenth century? | Caught in imperial rivalries, it was viewed as a lush and promising location for future white settlement. |
| Which of the following claims did Anne Hutchinson make during her 1637 trial? | God spoke to her directly, much as God had spoken to Abraham. |
| What was key to making the enslavement of Africans an enduring economic and social institution in colonial America? | Unlike in Africa, the skin color of enslaved Africans in America made it difficult for them to escape into surrounding society, and slavery became perpetual, as the children of slaves were slaves too. |
| Which of the following is an example of what John Winthrop calls civil, federal, or moral liberty in his 1645 Speech to the Massachusetts General Court? | a wife's obedience to her husband as a form of honor. |
| How did the English conquest of New Netherland affect freedom in the colony? | The Charter of Liberties and Privileges established an elections process and reaffirmed traditional English rights such as trial by jury and security of property. |
| The colonization efforts of which European power resulted in the most thorough displacement of Indians over time? | England. |
| Compared to the Chesapeake colonies, New England had more economic equality because it had more | landowners. |
| Tobacco production in Virginia | enriched an emerging class of planters and certain members of the colonial government. |
| Which of the following resulted from the European exploration, conquest, and colonization of the Western Hemisphere? | Crops new to each hemisphere reshaped people's diets and |
| The Virginia House of Burgesses | was created as part of the Virginia Company's effort to encourage the colony's survival. |
| Which one of the following statements describes conditions experienced by those aboard ship during the Middle Passage? | Slaves were inhumanely crowded into very small spaces and often chained to the deck. |
| The Pueblo Indians encountered by the Spanish in the sixteenth century | used irrigation systems to aid their agricultural production. |
| What resulted from the disbanding of the Dominion of New England? | Massachusetts absorbed Plymouth. |
| Which of the following statements accurately describes the Pequot War of 1637? | The colonists' victory resulted in the effective destruction of the Pequot tribe. |
| The Glorious Revolution of 1688 | resulted mainly from the fears of English aristocrats that the birth of James II's son would lead to a Catholic succession. |
| Which statement is true about Native Americans who lived in the Western Hemisphere prior to the arrival of Europeans? | They descended from people who are believed to have arrived in North America from Asia between 15,000 and 60,000 years ago, via a land bridge across the Bering Strait. |
| Who were yeoman farmers in the mid-eighteenth century? | small landowners who usually farmed their own land and did not own slaves |
| When Roger Williams established the colony of Rhode Island | he made sure that it was more democratic than Massachusetts Bay. |
| According to Bartolomé de Las Casas, | Spain had caused the deaths of millions of innocent Native Americans in the New World. |
| What was "salutary neglect”? | the British government's policy of leaving the colonies largely to govern themselves. |
| “Republican motherhood” was an ideology that held that | women played an indispensable role in the new nation by training future citizens. |
| The Barbary Wars | helped to lay the foundation of American Islamophobia. |
| Which statement is accurate about voting rights in the new states during 1780s? | A large majority of the adult white male population could meet voting requirements, except in Virginia, Maryland, and New York. |
| What affect did the American Revolution have on the practice of slavery? | Slaves began using the language of liberty in their arguments against slavery. |
| What is the significance of the Ninth Amendment? | It declared that rights not specifically mentioned in the Constitutions |
| Which statement is true about the system of the presidential election under the original Constitution? | Each elector cast votes for two candidates for president, and the second-place finisher would become vice president. |
| Which element of our current political system did the founding fathers generally hope to avoid? | Political Parties |
| What did Adam Smith argue in The Wealth of Nations? | The “invisible hand” of the free market directed economic life more effectively and fairly than government intervention. |
| Why did James Madison believe that the problem of balancing democracy and respect for property would only grow in the years ahead? | Economic development would increase the number of poor people. |
| How did the Articles of Confederation compare to the constitution in regard to sovereignty? | Under the Articles, states had more autonomy, while the Constitution gave some powers to the states. |
| Which of the following was a component of the Intolerable Acts? | The Massachusetts governor was authorized to appoint council members instead of holding elections to fill the positions. |
| Which of the following is true of the American fighting forces at the outbreak of the Revolutionary War? | Many had the benefit of intensive militia training prior to the outbreak of the war. |
| What is true of the period historians call “The Age of Revolution” | Revolutions began on British North America and spread to Europe, the Caribbean, and Latin America. |
| Which of the following is true of the debate surrounding the ratifications of the constitution? | Rhode Island and North Carolina ultimately voted against ratification. |
| Virtual Representation was the idea | That each member of Britain’s House of Commons represented the entire empire, not just his own district. |
| Which of the following was an aim of the Lewis and Clark expedition? | to explore the economic potential of the territory acquired through the Louisiana Purchase. |
| How did the discussion of women’s rights in the revolutionary era compare to discussion of men’s rights? | Whereas women’s rights were viewed as grounded in duty, men’s rights were viewed as based on individual liberty. |
| Edmond-Charles Genet was a french diplomat who | commissioned American ships to sail under the French flag and fight the British. |
| What was one factor that contributed to the downfall of the federalists? | Their elitism and distrust of popular self-government was at odds with the nation’s increasingly democratic ethos. |
| Which of the following occurred after the Treaty of Paris of 1783 | The United States became the Western Hemisphere’s first independent nation, with its boundaries reflecting the circumstances of its birth. |
| What was the significance of the case of Marbury v. Madison? | The Supreme Court asserted the power of Judicial Review. |
| What was the aim of the Townshend Acts? | raising revenue by taxing imported goods. |
| How did Americans respond to the French Revolution? | Almost everyone supported it at first, because the French seemed to be following in the footsteps of Americans. |
| What was a factor in the coming of the War of 1812? | European interference with American trade in the Atlantic. |
| What made Thomas Paine’s Common Sense a unique document? | It expanded the size of the public sphere, going beyond the elite. |
| The War Hawks in Congress included | Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun |
| What role did the committees of Correspondence play in the years preceding the revolution? | They helped colonial leaders to share ideas on resisting taxation. |
| Which of the following is true of the Whiskey Rebellion of 1794? | It was the only time in U.S. history that the president commended any army in the field. |
| What was the significance of the XYZ affair? | It created animosity between America and France. |
| What qualifications did the Constitution, ratified in 1787, impost for voting? | None; it left voting rules to the states. |
| What does it mean that the fugitive slave clause accorded slave laws “extraterritoriality”? | The condition of bondage remained attached to the person even if he or she would escaped to a state where slavery had been abolished. |
| Which of the following was a challenge that America faced in the era of the Revolution? | a strength of local, as opposed to national, loyalists. |
| What was an important political origin of the American revolution? | The colonists criticized their lack of representation in Parliament. |
| In Pennsylvania, new leaders like Thomas Paine and Benjamin Rush wanted to see what occur with regard to voting rights? | Voting requirements needed to eliminate property qualifications. |
| Which of the following was true of the Embargo Act of 1807? | Americans were prohibited from sending ships to foreign ports. |
| What vision of America’s future guided Thomas Jefferson and James Madison? | a rural republic of independent farmers freely selling their goods to a global market. |
| Which statement is true about Haitian Revolution? | It reinforced white Americans’ fears of possible insurrections by enslaved people in the United States. |
| Alexander Hamilton’s long-term goal was to | Make the United States a major commercial and military power. |
| How did the Revolutionary War change the meaning of freedom? | It challenged the inequality that had been fundamental to the colonial social order. |
| The Sedition Act of 1798 | led Jefferson to argue that states, not the federal government, could punish seditious speech. |
| "Republicanism" in the eighteenth-century Anglo-American political world emphasized the importance of ________ as the essence of liberty. | active participation in public life by property-owning citizens |
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