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weather vocab
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Term | Definition |
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Map | a flat, 2-dimensional drawing of land and water |
Globe | a spherical scale model of the Earth |
Latitude | geographic coordinate that specifies the north or south of the Equator |
Longitude | distance measured in degrees east or west from an imaginary line (called the prime meridian) that goes from the North Pole to the South Pole and that passes through Greenwich, England |
Hemisphere | a half of the earth, usually divided into northern and southern halves by the equator, or into western and eastern halves by an imaginary line passing through the poles |
Weather | the state of the atmosphere at a place and time as regards heat, dryness, sunshine, wind, and precipitation |
Climate | the average weather conditions in an area over a long period. |
Atmosphere | The envelope of gases surrounding the earth |
Cirrus cloud | White wispy clouds that form at high altitudes and are always made of ice crystals. |
Cumulus (cumulo-) cloud | fair weather clouds with white puffy tops and dark flat bottoms |
Stratus cloud | lowest clouds that cover the sky like a thick gray blanket. |
Nimbus/Nimbo | precipitating cloud, such as nimbostratus or cumulonimbus cloud. |
Cumulonimbus cloud | a huge vertical cloud that can produce a thunderstorm |
Land Breeze | a breeze blowing toward the sea from the land, especially at night, because the sea is warmer than the land. |
Sea Breeze | a breeze blowing toward the land from the sea , especially during the day, because land is warmer than the sea. |
Precipitation | water that falls to the Earth’s surface as rain, snow, sleet, or hail. |
Evaporation | the process of changing from a liquid to a gas |
Condensation | the process of changing from a gas to a liquid |
Jet stream | a steady worldwide wind that blows from west to east high above Earth |
Gulf stream | a warm current that starts near the equator and moves from Florida all the way to Iceland |
Air mass | a large “bubble” of air that has about the same temperature and humidity throughout it |
La Nina/El Nino | unusual warming or cooling of the seawater in the Pacific Ocean |
Temperature | the average speed of the particles in a substance |
air pressure | the weight of the air pushing on everything around it |
Humidity | water vapor in the air |
Thermometer | a tool that measures temperature |
Barometer | a weather instrument that measures air pressure |
Anemometer | a weather instrument that measures wind speed |
Wind vane | a weather instrument that shows the direction the wind is coming from |
Rain gauge | a weather instrument that measures rainfall |
Front | a place where one air mass meets and pushes aside another air mass |
Hurricane | a very large and violent tropical storm |
Fog | a visible aerosol consisting of tiny water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air at or near the Earth 's surface. |
Wind | the natural movement of air or other gases relative to a planet's surface. |
Prevailing westerlies | are the prevailing winds in the middle latitudes (i.e. between 35 and 65 degrees latitude). |
Coriolis effect | is a natural phenomenon that occurs because of planet rotation, where objects thrown or projected in a straight direction deviate their trajectory to the left or right depending on the hemisphere in which they are. |
Water vapor | is the gaseous phase of water. |
Nimbostratus | is a low-to-middle altitude cloud that has considerable vertical and horizontal extent and produces precipitation over a wide area. |
Stationary front | is a weather front or transition zone between two air masses when each air mass is advancing into the other at speeds exceeding 5 knots (about 6 miles per hour or about 9 kilometers per hour) at the ground surface. |