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TU Gilded Age

Key facts for the Gilded Age Trade Union Civil Rights. A level OCR history,

TermDefinition
Growth in demand for unskilled labour Labour demands increased, particularly in transport and heavy industry. This allowed unions to grow, such as KOL who went from 20,000 in 1881 to 700,000 in 1886.
First national labour federation AFL formed in 1886, leading to more businesses negotiating with workers.
Wages Rose dramatically, with some skilled workers seeing 60% rises, despite the influx of labour by immigration.
Sickness clubs Established by workers, which they could contribute to, giving them some income throughout illness.
Workers' violence Increased demands for workers may have encouraged militancy and violence, such as the Haymarket Affair. This damaged the reputation of unions.
Courts and the government The courts usually supported employers and issued injunctions to end strikes. The government was laissez-faire and supported big business, such as in the 1894 Pullman Strike.
Working conditions Many workers had long hours and dangerous conditions. Around 2,000 rail workers were killed in accidents in 1889.
Contract System The 'contract system' allowed employers to lay off workers in quiet periods, becoming a large issue during the 1893 economic slump.
Divisions in the workforce (skilled/unskilled) Many new workers were unskilled and had wages that were 30% of skilled workers, creating an inequality that divided workers.
Divisions in the workforce (African Americans and immigrants) Divisions between white and African American workers, and with immigrants who could be used as cheap labour to break strikes. Unions would generally not allow AAs or immigrants to join.
Created by: Charlie_M
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