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Chemistry Set 1
Includes review and items about matter
Term | Definition |
---|---|
accuracy | The closeness of a measured value to the true or accepted value. It indicates how well an experimental result agrees with the theoretical or known value. |
chemical property | A characteristic of a substance that describes its ability to undergo chemical reactions and form new substances. Often observed during chemical reactions. |
condensation | The process by which a gas changes into a liquid. It is the reverse of vaporization. Typically occurs when a gas loses heat. |
conductor | A material that allows the flow of electric current. Substances that have high electrical conductivity. |
density | A physical property of matter that represents the mass of an object per unit volume. |
deposition | Refers to the phase transition in which a gas transforms directly into a solid without passing through the liquid phase. This is the opposite of sublimation. |
ductile | The property of a material that allows it to be drawn out into a thin wire without breaking. Characteristic of metals. |
extensive | Depends on the amount or size of the sample. Examples include mass, volume, and total energy. Extensive properties vary with the quantity of the substance. |
freezing | The process in which a liquid changes into a solid at a specific temperature, known as the freezing point. It is the opposite of melting. |
gas | One of the three common states of matter characterized by molecules that have relatively weak attractive forces, allowing them to move freely and occupy the entire volume of their container. |
heat conductivity | The ability of a material to conduct heat. |
insulator | A material that does not easily allow the transfer of heat or electricity. Have low electrical and thermal conductivity. |
intensive | Does not depend on the amount of the substance. Examples include temperature, density, and melting point. Intensive properties remain constant regardless of the quantity of the substance. |
liquid | One of the three common states of matter characterized by a definite volume but no definite shape. Take the shape of their container. |
magnetic property | The ability of a substance to be attracted to or repelled by a magnet. Due to the alignment of their atomic or molecular magnetic moments. |
malleable | The property of a material that allows it to be hammered, rolled, or pressed into thin sheets without breaking. Is a characteristic of metals. |
matter | Anything that has mass and occupies space. Exists in various states, including solid, liquid, and gas. |
melting | The process in which a solid changes into a liquid at a specific temperature, known as the melting point. It is the opposite of freezing. |
metal | An element characterized by its conductivity of heat and electricity, malleability, and typically a shiny appearance. Found on the left side of the periodic table. |
metalloid | An element with properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals. Found along the "staircase" on the periodic table. |
nonmetal | An element that typically lacks the properties of metals. Generally poor conductors of heat and electricity and are found on the right side of the periodic table. |
phase change | A transition between different states of matter, such as solid to liquid or liquid to gas. |
physical property | A characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's composition. Examples include color, density, and melting point. |
precision | The closeness of repeated measurements to each other. Indicates the reliability and consistency of a set of measurements. |
salts | Ionic compounds formed by the combination of an acid and a base. Composed of positive and negative ions. |
solid | One of the three common states of matter characterized by a definite shape and volume. Have a fixed and ordered arrangement of particles. |
soluble | Capable of being dissolved in a solvent. Substances that dissolve in a particular solvent are considered soluble in that solvent. |
solute | The substance that is dissolved in a solution. It is the component present in a smaller amount. |
solvent | The substance in which a solute dissolves to form a solution. It is the component present in a larger amount. |
state of matter | The physical form in which a substance exists, such as solid, liquid, or gas. Depends on factors like temperature and pressure. |
sublimation | The process by which a substance transitions directly from the solid phase to the gas phase without passing through the liquid phase. Dry ice (solid carbon dioxide subliming into carbon dioxide gas) is a common example. |
vaporization | The process by which a substance changes from a liquid or solid state to a vapor (gas) state. Includes both evaporation and boiling. |